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《阳光下的罪恶》(Evil Under the Sun)TLF
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类型：高清电影
状态：全版
发行时间：1982年
地区/语言：英国( )
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◎片　　名　Evil Under the Sun◎译　　名　阳光下的罪恶◎导　　演　盖·汉密尔顿 Guy Hamilton◎主　　演　彼得·乌斯蒂诺夫 Peter Ustinov　　　　　　简·伯金 Jane Birkin　　　　　　科林·布莱克利 Colin Blakely　　　　　　尼古拉斯·克雷 Nicholas Clay　　　　　　詹姆斯·梅森 James Mason　　　　　　罗迪·麦克多维尔 Roddy McDowall◎年　　代　1982◎国　　家　英国◎类　　别　犯罪 / 神秘 / 剧情 / 惊怵◎IMDB评分 7.0/10
6,713 votes ◎IMDB链接 /title/tt0083908 ◎文件格式　X264 + AC3◎视频尺寸　1280 x 692◎文件大小　30 x 100 MB◎片　　长　117 min◎语　　言　英语◎字　　幕　N/A◎简　　介　　　1982年摄制于西班牙马略卡岛的《阳光下的罪恶》和《尼罗河上的惨案》相似之处很多。同样是发生在风光如画的旅游胜地的谋杀案，死者同样是一位美艳动人的女郎，而她又同样树敌多多，同样地卷入了一场三角恋爱，甚至连凶手……　　《阳光下的罪恶》几乎由《尼罗河上的惨案》的原班人马出演，演员有：　　波洛仍由彼得·乌斯蒂诺夫扮演。　　女明星阿丽娜·马歇尔（Arlena Marshall）由另一位007女郎黛安娜·里格（Diana Rigg）扮演。她与第二代007出演过《女王密令》一片。她还在1982年拍摄的根据阿加莎·克里斯蒂短篇小说改编的影片《原告的证人》中饰演过女主角克里斯汀·沃尔。曾在我国播放的由安吉拉·兰斯伯里（Angela Lansbury）主演的电视剧《哈里斯太太去巴黎》中也有里格的角色。　　阿丽娜的丈夫肯尼斯·马歇尔（Kenneth Marshall）由丹尼斯·奎利饰演。他曾在电影《东方快车谋杀案》中扮演意大利司机福斯卡雷里。　　阿丽娜的情人帕特里克·雷德费恩（Patrick Redfern）的扮演者是尼古拉斯·克莱（Nicholas Clay）。他曾在《王者之剑》中饰演骑士兰斯洛特，在电视剧《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》中饰演恶棍斯台普吞。　　他的妻子克里斯汀·雷德费恩（Christine Redfern）由简·伯金饰演。　　马歇尔的女儿、阿丽娜的继女琳达·马歇尔（Linda Marshall）由埃米莉·霍恩饰演，她的作品不多。　　旅馆老板娘也是阿丽娜过去的竞争对手达芙尼·卡索尔（Daphne Castle）由玛吉·史密斯扮演[5]。　　霍拉斯·布拉特爵士（Sir Horace Blatt）的扮演者科林·布莱克利也曾在电影《东方快车谋杀案》中饰演过美国侦探哈特曼。　　奥德尔·加德纳（Odell Gardener）由詹姆斯·梅森（James Mason）扮演。他成名于影片《多余者出局》[5]，曾在《裘力斯·恺撒》中饰演布鲁托斯，并因在朱迪·嘉伦版本的《一个明星的诞生》中的表演获奥斯卡最佳男主角提名。他出演的著名影片还有希区柯克的《西北偏北》和电影《罗马帝国衰亡史》。　　其妻玛拉·加德纳（Myra Gardner）的饰演者是西尔维亚·迈尔斯（Sylvia Miles）。她曾因在《午夜牛郎》中扮演一个小角色而获奥斯卡最佳女配角提名，在影片《华尔街》中她饰演了一个经纪人。　　饰演雷克斯·布鲁斯特（Rex Brewster）的罗迪·麦克道威尔13岁时就在奥斯卡获奖影片《青山翠谷》中扮演重要角色，后来又在《灵犬莱西》中和伊丽莎白·泰勒合作。20世纪60年代他出演过反映诺曼底登陆的影片《最长的一天》，并在终身好友泰勒的巨片《埃及艳后》中扮演屋大维，他担任角色的其他著名影片还有灾难片《海神号遇险记》。　　影片花絮　　电影中有场戏里，彼得·乌斯蒂诺夫穿的游泳装是他自己设计的[5]。　　当波洛在检查宾馆登记的旅客名单时，其中有位客人的名字是Cole Porter，他为本片创作了音乐[5]。　　当波洛在检查宾馆登记的旅客名单时，他看到的很多名字都是20世纪30年代当时的国际名人，包括Cole Porter, Ivor Novello, Maurice Chevalier, Fred 和 Adele Astaire, Charlie Chaplin，还有很难辨认出开头大写字母M和D的Marlene Dietrich 玛琳·黛德丽（登记的她的地址是柏林）。虽然只有一两秒的镜头，这份名单更像是电影制作者偷偷开了一个玩笑。　　穿帮镜头　　1.第一具尸体(发现在荒野或者说在电影开始的)能很明显看到在呼吸[5]。　　2.当嘉登纳夫妇坐在阳台上，看着阿伦娜过来时，奥得叫迈拉(Myra)为默娜(Myrna)。　　3.第一次听见帕特里克和克里斯丁·莱德菲恩，讨论帕特里克和阿伦娜的关系时，帕特里克说：　　&I can't even speak to a pretty woman without you jumping to the conclusion that I'm having an affair with her(我甚至不敢和这么漂亮的女士说话，要是没有你下的结论，我根本就想象不到会和她有关系)&　　当在稍后的波洛闪回的场景里，帕特里克是这么说的：　　&I can't even speak to a pretty woman with out you jumping to the conclusion that I'm... well, having an affair with her(我甚至不敢和这么漂亮的女士说话，要是，没有你下的结论，那么，我，根本就想象不到会和她有关系)&　　这两段场景本该是完全一致的。
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Evil Under the Sun 4
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《阳光下的罪恶》讲述了喜爱日光浴的阿琳娜&斯图尔特美丽的棕色身体脸朝下横陈在海滩上，但是这一次没有阳光——她被人勒死了。赫尔克里&波洛探长该如何侦破这一悬案？……阿琳娜一出现，赫尔克里&波洛就在海滩的空气中嗅到了情欲的气息。但是，这个显而易见的“激情犯罪”中，也许包含着更多的邪恶和阴谋？
Agatha Christie's exotic seaside mystery thriller, reissued with a striking new cover designed to appeal to the latest generation of Agatha Christie fans and book lovers. It was not unusual to find the beautiful bronzed body of the sun-loving Arlena Stuart stretched out on a beach, face down. Only, on this occasion, there was no sun! she had been strangled. Ever since Arlena's arrival at the resort, Hercule Poirot had detected sexual tension in the seaside air. But could this apparent 'crime of passion' have been something more evil and premeditated altogether?
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正在加载中，请稍候...欢迎您进入侦探小说女王阿加莎·克里斯蒂的世界欢迎您访问第一个链接为中文电子书第二个链接为英文有声书第三个链接为2002年David Suchet主演的电影阳光下的罪恶(不要跟贴求字幕)第四个链接为1986年Peter Ustinov主演的电影阳光下的罪恶Audio CDPublisher: BBC Audiobooks America (July, 2003)Language: EnglishISBN: 介绍：At Devon’s Jolly Roger resort, Arlena Stuart Marshall openly cavorts with Patrick Redfern while her husband and Patrick’s wife helplessly watch. Later Arlena’s lifeless body is found in the sand at a nearby cove. The evidence seems to point to Arlena’s husband as the murderer, but Hercule Poirot, who just happens to be on holiday at the tony hotel, doesn’t settle for such an easy answer. Everyone is a suspect, and the evidence includes voodoo practices, drug-smuggling, religious mania, bank withdrawals, mysterious love letters, and two murders from the past.一个孤岛上的豪华旅馆住着十位住客，他们彼此心怀鬼胎。其中一个女子突然被杀，在比利时名探浦若的细心分析下终于查出真凶。阳光下的罪恶剧情
这是一部由盖&汉弥顿导演的英国风味浓厚的推理片，取材于艾嘉沙克莉丝蒂的作品。演员阵容可谓强大。剧情讲述一个孤岛上的豪华旅馆住着十位住客，他们彼此心怀鬼胎。其中一个女子突然被杀，在比利时名探浦若的细心分析下终于查出真凶。本片中的海洋风光令人有一种度假般的闲适感。虽然本片在前半部人物关系的交代上稍嫌混乱，但片尾的案情......
阳光下的罪恶精彩对白
阳光下的罪恶短评
配音的翻译也没原版上译的好，什么养女啊。。大家去找找上译的配音，哪有这么做作啊
发表于 05:22:12
这个不是原来上译的配音，不好听，好多人都是同一人配的不说，还配的让人听出来。
发表于 05:10:41
波洛的泳衣，泳帽。真有时代特点
更改了原著，而且选的角色？？？
发表于 18:27:04
发表于 15:06:29
发表于 05:16:56
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Translation主讲人：谢文婷What is translation???Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber) Translation can be defined as the replacement of the information of the source language by its counterpart of the target language.English to Chinese? ? ?The Translation of Words The Translation of Clauses and Sentences The Translation of PassagesTranslation of Words (English to Chinese)? ? ?Introduction Word Diction Translation Techniques of WordsIntroduction???Word is the smallest meaningful unit in languages. And most words, except proper names, have more than one meaning. Therefore, how to choose the right meaning for a word in translation is always not easy to fulfill. One point needed to be reminded is that during our progress of learning English, whether consciously or unconsciously, we are likely to form a habit, that is, we tend to find a Chinese “equivalent” (which is always the most basic meaning acquired from the dictionary) in our mind whenever we see or hear an English word. This could be very misleading because we define a word before making clear its specific meaning in the given sentence or passage, which in turn, would cause the misunderstanding and wrong translation of the original sentence. The following are some vital aspects and useful skills that you should pay attention to and could benefit from.Word Diction (English to Chinese)? ? ?1. Context and Word Diction 2. Collocation and Word Diction 3. Summary1. Context and Word Diction???Malinowsky pointed out “They regard context as the sole determiner of meaning without which meaning does not exist.”(语境是决定语义的惟一因素，舍此别无意义可言。) Context is composed of many factors. Some linguist divided it into context of culture and context of situation. Halliday, the British linguist, has classified it into field(场景), tenor(交际者), and mode(方式). Professor Zhou Fangzhu, according to its influence on meanings of words and its limitation to them, divided context into direct context and indirect context. In Zhou’s opinion, direct context may be a few words juxtaposed with the key word you are to focus on, which are called juxtaposed words(左右相邻的词). It may also be a short or a long sentence, or a paragraph in which the word is placed. Indirect context means additional linguistic factors relevant to the content but not yet expressed in written form by the author. Here we mainly focus on the direct context, that is, the written content in which the key word is placed.Let us take the English word “fox” for instance to find in what way and to what a great extent meanings of a word are conditioned and influenced by context.? ? ???It is a fox behind the tree. Don’t trust that man! He is a fox. She foxed him. He was completely foxed with the problem. Without these four sentences, nobody can know for sure the meaning or part of speech of the word “fox” as it is a polysemous word that can be used both as a noun and as a verb.Some More Examples:? ? ? ? ????? ?1) Thus the people of the entire community, not just the parents of the children who attend, pay for public schools, which are free and open to everyone. “the people” here should be translated into “居民”，not “人们” in general. 2) In elementary school, all children in a given grade study the same thing. “thing” here should be translated into “课程” instead of “东西”或“事情”. 3) The Constitution outlines the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and activities. “activities” here means “function or duties performed by an organizational unit”, and should be translated into “职能” or “职责” to match “powers” (权力), rather than “活 动”. 4) Many aspiring to be elected as the party candidate employ top public relations and advertising men, who invent clever catch phrases and set about “selling” their man. “men/man” here cannot simply be translated into “男人” from its general sense. Both of them have specific meaning here. Judging from the context, they can be translated into “专家” and “候选人”. 5) The drafters of the Constitution saw that the future might bring a need for change… “saw” here is equal to the word “foresee” (预见，预料), and therefore cannot be translated into “看见”.The choice of commendatory and derogatory term in translation is also closely related with the context. Many English words possess both commendatory and derogatory meanings, which can only be determined in specific contexts. ? Let us look at the following examples:?? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ??1）Some Americans have the feeling that idealism has gone out of politics and that personal ambition and money have taken place. 有些美国人觉得理想主义已经从政治中消失，取而代之的是个人的野心和金 钱。（贬义） 2）I admire her for her ambition to become a first-rate scientist. 我欣赏她要当一流科学家的志向。（褒义） 3）His recent discoveries have greatly added to his reputation. 他最近的发现使得他的声望大增。（褒义） 4）During the Second World War the aggressive Japanese soldiers won themselves a savage reputation. 二战期间，日本侵略军因残暴成性而臭名昭著。（贬义） 5）Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁到世界和平。（贬义） 6）A successful businessman has to be aggressive. 一个成功的推销员必须要有闯劲。（褒义）Exercise for consideration：??A: “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” B: “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in, too green and nearly tore the boat to pieces. Can you remember?”“你头一次带我上船，那时我多大？” “五岁。当年我把一条活蹦乱跳的大鱼拖上船的 时候，那家伙险些儿把那只船撞得粉碎，你也险 些儿送了命。还记得吗？”? ?2. Collocation and Word Diction?????As we have said before, polysemy is one of the characteristics of most English words. And because there is a great difference between the collocations in Chinese and English, sometimes many Chinese words with close meanings are used to translated the same English word. After defining the meaning of a word in a certain context, the choice of words becomes the determining factor in a good translation. From this point of view, expression instead of comprehension, becomes the key factor in this process of translation, which requires the translator to be well acquainted with both the source language and the target language. One example: None of the parties shall be entitled to make any press release or other public statement or disclosure concerning this agreement without the prior written consent of the other parties. 未经其他各方事先书面同意，任何一方均无权就有关本协议举行 新闻发布会、发表公开声明或进行披露。One piece of translation for appreciation:?? ? ?? ???One of our ancient prayers says: “C Co Common
Co Un Unified be your intentions Perfect union among you.”? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?我国古代的一篇祷文说道： “愿同祈祷， 目标无二， 意志合一， 谋虑与共， 冀求相通， 一体同心， 众志成城， 固此联盟。”Take “good” for example:? ? ? ??? ? ?good will good wife good mother good gold good teacher good friend good neighbor good heart? ? ? ??? ? ? ?good sense good year good match good player good deeds good points good husband good child good looks? ? ???Now let’s have a try by putting the following sentences into Chinese. 1) He proved to be a very good listener. 2) The captain of the jet came back, saluted and in very good English, said to the President, “To Cairo, Sir?” 3) He was told, when complaining that he could not follow Nasser’s moves, that Nasser was a good chess player. 4) Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life, who is really deserving of all the praises the stonecutter c who is a good Christian, a good parent, child, who actually does leave a disconsolate fami so in academies of the male and female sex it occurs every now and then, that the pupil is fully worthy of the praises bestowed by the disinterested instructor.一般地说来，校长的信和墓志铭一样靠不住。不过偶尔也有几个死人当得起 石匠们刻在他们朽骨上的好话，真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的母亲，孝顺的儿 女，尽职的丈夫，贤良的妻子。他们家里的人也真的哀思绵绵地追悼他。同 样的，不论在男学校还是女学校，偶然也会有一两个学生当得起老师毫无私 心的称赞。 (translated by Yang Bi)??In conclusion, context is a very essential and important element in determining the meaning of a word. In the progress of translating, we should not hold to preconceived ideas of certain words without paying attention to the context. After a thorough analysis of the original context, choice of words becomes the determining factor in a good translation. Good at rendering collocations between source language and target language is a prerequisite condition, which require us to have skillful techniques of applying the target language and profound language foundation. To have a proper choice of a word is easier said than done, and can never be done without lots of exercises.SummaryTranslation Techniques of Words (English to Chinese)? ???1. Conversion of Part of Speech of Words 2. Extension 3. Amplification 4. The Translation of Pronouns1. Conversion of Part of Speech of Words??Though both of the classifications and the grammar functions of words are approximately the same in English and Chinese, correspondence of words can not be always achieved in translation due to the difference in the expression ways of English and Chinese. If we simply pursue the correspondence of words, the opposite effect may be just achieved and obscure translations will be caused. Therefore, it is unavoidable for the translators to make some changes during the translation progress in order to make the translated versions conform to the Chinese expression custom and thus sound more natural and smooth.Let’s look at the following two examples to see the necessity and feasibility of conversion in translation:? ? ? ???1) Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. 1st version: 每一个英国人都有一些关于我们最伟大的作家 的作品的知识，不管是多么少。 2nd version: 每个英国人都对我们最伟大的作家的作品有所 了解，不管他知道的是多么少。 2) Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English… 1st version: 在我们对英语的平时使用中，我们大多数人使 用5000左右的英语词。 2nd version: 我们大多数人平时使用5000左右的英语词。More Examples:??1) They are waiting for a sight of the Queen passing by.他们在等候观看女王经过那儿。(n-v)??2) He personified the evil that was in the world.他是世上一切邪恶的化身。(v-n)??3) We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it.我们深信这一政策是正确的，并决定继续奉行这一政策。(n-adj)??4) Most of us think him very hypocritical.我们大家都认为他是一个十足的伪君子。(adj-n)??5) I am sure they will win the basketball game.我相信他们将打赢这场篮球赛。(adj-v)??6) Let me see if it works.让我看看它是不是坏了。(v-adj)??7) He said, if this was the case, he would be tempted to try.他说：如果情况是这样，他颇有跃跃欲试之意。(v-adv)??8) There are more people in India sleeping in the streets than any other place else in the world. A dominant power is dominant inherently.在印度，要饭的人比任何国家都多，那里的统治阶层是靠血统一代一代传下 去的。(adv-v)?9) There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.目前，我国各地对各种消费品的需要量已大大增加。(adj-adv) 10) Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。(adv-adj) 11) It was officially announced that they agree on a reply to the Soviet Union. 官方宣布，他们就给苏联的复信取得了一致意见。(adv-n) 12) The paper said editorially that Mcmillan has stolen the Western leadership during Dulles’ absence. 这家报纸的社论说，麦克米伦在杜勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。(adv-n) 13) She is against smoking and drinking. 她反对抽烟和喝酒。(adv-v) 14) You can’t imagine how angry he was at the news. 你想象不出他听到这个消息时是多么生气。(adv-v)? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ??All in all, conversing part of speech of words results from the need for expression, and appropriate conversions can get rid of the bound of the original sentences and make the translation more natural and smoothy.2. Extension??In the translation from English to Chinese, we sometimes come across some words that are easy to understand but difficult to express the exact meaning in accurate Chinese. Relying only on interpretations provided by dictionaries, the translation would be dull, obscure and occasionally misunderstood. Such being the case, we have to extend the meanings of the key words in order to have the original naturally and smoothly expressed in the target language. Extension of the meaning of a word must be in harmony with the original in essence. It cannot go beyond the semantic range of the original, otherwise it will misrepresent the original meaning. Some of the words extended are rather abstract, some are concrete. Abstract words are usually extended into concrete words and vice versa.Examples:? ?From the concrete and specific into the abstract and general 1) The emergence of the peoples of the third world and their struggle for identity will lead to the flowering of diverse concepts of life in the future.? ?第三世界人民的兴起，以及其为争取合法地位而进行的斗争将丰富未来 生活的各种观念。 2) Since then, our relations based on the anti-imperialist struggle have blossomed and have been diversified and considerably reinforced. 从那时起，我们之间建立在反帝斗争基础上的关系便有了发展，而且是 多方面的发展，同时也得到了极大的加强。 From the abstract and general into the concrete and specific 1) Vietnam was his entree to the new Administration, his third incarnation as a foreign policy consultant.越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖。他担任新政府的对外政策顾问已 经是第三次了。 2) Alas, an examination of the international situation does not warrant optimism. 可惜的是，国际局势看来并不使人乐观。? ? ?? ? ?? ???Extension of Meaning of Allusions (典故) Allusions are words or phrases abstracted from historical facts, popular legends, anecdotes or famous classics. Allusions are the cream of language refined in diction, but profound in meaning, and hence frequently quoted by various writers. The implied meaning of a specific allusion is usually difficult for a reader to understand, even more difficult for a TLT reader, or over his head. Such being the case, it is necessary for the translator to have the meanings extended according to the context. Some examples: 1) It was another one of those catch-22 situations, you’re damned if you do and you’re damned if you don’t. “catch-22” refers to a situation in which a desired outcome or solution is impossible to attain because of a set of inherently illogical rules or conditions. 这真又是一个左右为难的尴尬局面，做也倒霉，不做也倒霉。 2) I'd never have expected him to behave like that；he's a real Jekyll and Hyde. “Jekyll and Hyde” refers to a single person with two personalities, one good (Jekyll) and one bad (Hyde). 我从未想过他会那样，他真是个双重性格的人。? ? ??3. Amplification??Apart from turning the obvious form of the original language into the target language, a good translator, at the same time, must be able to convey what is implied in the original context, especially the message that is closely connected with the background of the original culture and history in the target language. The difficulties to readers of translation lie in what is implied in the original, and the translator should make some adaptations in the light of specific conditions to enable readers to understand more easily. Sometimes, the translator has to add something to the original to give explanations, translation is thus lengthened, form changed, but the meaning of the original remains unchanged. The method adopted this way is called amplification.?? ? ??The words added in translation must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. Thus, amplification can be classified as: A. Words supplied for syntactic construction (结构性增补) B. Words supplied for semantic completion (语义性增补) The former is to meet the needs of syntax of the target language and the latter for the clearness and completion of the original meaning expressed in the target language, but both are used for good readability. Let us look at the following examples: 1) My audiences vary from tens to thousands. I expected opposition but got hardly any. 我的听众从几十人到几千人不等（修辞性补足），我希望持有异议的人起来 跟我辩论（语义性增补），但几乎没有遇到（结构性增补）。 2) What is feared as failure in American society is, above all, aloneness. And aloneness is terrifying because it means that there is no one, no group, no approved cause to submit to.? ??在美国社会中作为失败而为人们所（语义及结构上的增补。汉语通常要求 “为…所有”结构中置入施事者）恐惧的莫过于孤独了。而孤独之所以可怕， 就因为那意味着没有一个可服从的人，没有一个可服从的组织，没有一个可 服从的公认的大义（结构上的重复。原文中to submit to修饰三者）??? ?The words supplied in translation for amplification are in harmony with the original in essence and in agreement with the target language in syntax. This is closely correlated with the translator’s sense of his mother tongue, but free from the personal will of the translator. Amplification can be done by supplying the words that are omitted in the original, such as relative pronouns, adverbs, possessive pronouns and some other connecting words, by supplying category words and by supplying overlap words. Supply what’s omitted in the original in translation Omission is frequently used in English out of rhetorical device or to meet the needs of the English syntax. But, in nine cases out of ten, what’s omitted must be supplied in translation, which will otherwise disagree with the syntax of the receptor language or misrepresent the original meaning. Some examples:?1) His th nat logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理 学使人庄重，逻辑修辞学使人善辩：凡事所学，皆成性格。 2) We recognize---and share---China’s resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony. 我们认识到中国有决心反对任何国家谋求建立全球霸权或地区霸权的 企图，我们也有这样的决心。 3) We, in Britain, have every reason to wish for better relations with the states of Eastern Europe. And we do sincerely want them. 我们英国人有充分理由同东欧国家改善关系，我们衷心希望改善同他 们的关系。 4) These problems had to be weighed up under varying, sometimes uncertain, factors. 这些问题必须根据变化着的因素，有时是捉摸不定的因素来进行衡量。???????Supply category wordsMost of the category words are conceptional nouns with rather abstract meanings. The translators must be familiar with the category of the words they are going to deal with. Such as “tension”, is generally put into Chinese “紧张” and if need be, we can add “局势”; “jealousy” is generally put into Chinese “嫉妒” and we can add “心理” to it if necessary. Some examples:? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?allergy 过敏反应 necessity 必要性 readability 可读性 assimilation同化作用 alienation异化现象 relativity相对论 transformation转化过程 fatuity 顽愚状态? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?indifference 冷漠态度 gayety 欢乐气氛 arrogance 傲慢态度 hostility 敌对情绪/行为 antagonism对抗作用/性 irregularities越轨行为 dejection沮丧情绪 complexity复杂性/局面Now let us have a try, turning the following sentences into Chinese, adding some category words.?? ?? ? ? ?The gathering glow of a November evening heightened the sadness of this desolation. Gayety prevailed among the fugitives. He was apprehensive, moreover, of irritating the jealousy of military sway prevalent throughout the country. He looked at me in an amazement. They are sanguine about building up a near peace. The doctor’s face expressed a kind of doubting admiration. “I’ll beat you to a pulp, you dogs,” said Quip, vainly endeavoring to get near either of them for a parting blow.Supply reduplicated words or numerals to express the plural form of nouns?? ?Unlike the English language that has the inflectional forms such as the plural form of nouns as well as that of verb tenses, the Chinese language has no change of the plural form of nouns which is usually expressed by supplying reduplicated words or numerals, such as “朵朵鲜花”, “百花齐放”, “阵阵寒风” etc. Sometimes Chinese words “们”, “诸位”, “大家”, “大伙” are used in translation to express the plural form of English nouns. Even uncountable nouns can also be expressed in Chinese reduplicated words or numerals as the Chinese language owes a lot of idioms and proverbs partly composed of numerals, such as “一 鳞半爪”, “一叶知秋”, “两袖清风”, “两全其美”, “三心二 意”, “三思而行”, “四面楚歌”, “四分五裂”, “五光十色”, “五花八门”, “六神无主”, “六亲不认”, “七窍生烟”, “七零 八落”, “八拜之交”, “八面玲珑”, “九霄云外”, “九牛一毛”, “十年寒窗”, “十恶不赦”, “百废待兴”, “百步穿杨”, “千山 万水”, “千呼万唤”, “万代千秋”, “万象更新”.Now let us have another try, turning the following words, phrases, or sentences into Chinese by supplying reduplicated words or numerals.? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ?Songs Ripples Cheers A chilly wind A murmuring stream Deadly still Galloping horses A golden opportunity Throughout ages Even Homer sometimes nods. Flowers of all sorts are blooming in a riot of color. The audience left one after another. In Spring, a gentle wind rippled the tranquil lake.4. The translation of pronouns?????In English, pronouns are always necessary for the nouns which have appeared before. It is a grammatical rule in English that there must be an explicit pronoun in the form of a sentence so as to keep the structure and the meaning of the sentence intact. Therefore, pronouns are very widely employed in English sentences. While in Chinese, a paratactic language, pronouns are not that popular because the referent is always self-evident in the context and thus unnecessary to be made explicit. Whether it is necessary to translate the pronouns in English sentences into their equivalents in Chinese depends on specific situations. There are three basic rules in translating English pronouns into Chinese: 1) If a pronoun is necessary in the translation, translate it into its correspondent Chinese pronoun. 2) If the correspondent Chinese translation of a pronoun will cause misunderstanding result from unclear reference, then the pronoun in Chinese translation should be put into the noun it refers to. 3) If it does not apply to the Chinese expression custom to keep the pronoun in the sentence, making it lengthy and awkward, then the pronoun can be omitted in the translation.Now let’s look at the specific applications of these three rules:? ?A. translating English pronouns into Chinese pronouns: 1) Ford believed in the dignity of work, and did not wish his men to become underpaid robots. He also built them a special town on the outskirts of the city.福特信奉工作是高尚的，不希望他的工人沦为收入低下的苦力，他还在底 特律郊区专门为他们建造了一个镇子。 2) The widow calls her stockbroker and directs him to sell at once at the best price he can get. 寡妇打电话给她的股票经纪人，叫他立即把她的股票以当时他能拿到的最 好的价钱卖出。 B. returning the pronoun into its correspondent noun 1) Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to massproduce it, and this made it available to the ordinary man. 汽车不是亨利? 福特发明的，但他却是使用机器大量生产汽车的第一人，从 而使普通老百姓也能拥有汽车。? ?? ????2) Foreigners sometimes draw the conclusion that Americans are wealthier than they are because they have such things as vacation houses or beautifully landscaped gardens.外国人有时会得出这样的结论：美国人比他们富，因为美国人有度 假屋、景观美丽的花园等等。(The second “they” must be returned into “美国人” in order to avoid confusion.) C. omitting the pronoun 1) Yet despite this history of government intervention, individuals in the United States have always been able to choose for whom they will work and what they will buy. 尽管政府历来干预经济，但是在美国人人都能选择为谁工作、买什 么东西。 2) Henry Ford was himself a born mechanic and could build a car with his own hands. 亨利福特是天生的汽车机修师，他能用双手造出汽车。?? ?????One point worthy to mention is that never translate “his or her” into “他的或她的” (or “he or she” into “他或她”), because it is a way to avoid sexual discrimination (“he or she”). It can be translated into “自己的”, “各自的”, or “其”.For example: Students from both groups study under the same roof, each selecting courses according to his or her needs and interests. 这两组学生在同一所中学里学习，按各自的需要和兴趣选课。???Translation of Words (Chinese to English)? ???Introduction Word Diction Translation Techniques SummaryIntroduction?Just like the English words, it is hard to define the meaning of a Chinese word because of its polysemous characteristic, profound usages, particular cultural knowledge and etc. unless in a specific context or with certain collocations. The defining of the meaning of a word is the first step we must do in translation. Therefore, in this part, the importance of context and collocation in defining the meaning of a word is firstly discussed, and then certain useful translation techniques are suggested.Word Diction (Chinese to English)?? ?1. Context and Word Diction 2. Collocation and Word Diction 3. Common Mistakes in Word Translation1. Context and Word Diction?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?The meaning and importance of context have been discussed before, so two groups of examples with the key words “是” and “说” are just provided here to show that context is also very decisive to define and translate Chinese words. Examples: 他是我父亲。He is my father. 这姑娘是漂亮。This girl is really beautiful. 此人是书就读。This man reads every book he can reach. 是可忍，孰不可忍？If this can be tolerated, what cannot? 是古非今 praise the past to condemn the present 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐了一口吐沫，说：“这毛虫！” Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!” “三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮”，这就是说，群众有伟大的创造力。 The old saying, “Three cobblers with their wits combined would equal Zhuge Liang the master mind”, simply means the masses have great creative power. 贾珍感激不尽，说：“ 待服满，亲带小犬到府叩谢。” Chia Chen thanked him warmly and promised, “”when the mourning is over, I shall bring my worthless son to your honorable mansion to kowtow his thanks.”2. Collocation and Word Diction?? ? ? ? ? ??? ?Chinese is like the sea of words with profound usages and diverse meanings, and collocation may be the most direct way to define the meaning of a certain word and provide the basis for translating it into English. Let us take two Chinese character “打” and “基本” as the examples. 1) the translation of “打” in different collocations: 打家具 make/m 打渔 打电话 make a call 打毛衣 k 打篮球 打的 take a taxi 打水 打酱油 buy/ 打鼓 打农药 spay insecticide 2) the translation of “基本” in different collocations: 基本工资 basic/regular wage/ 基本建设 capital construction 基本设施 基本物质 essential commodity 基本工业 基本利益 fundamental benefitLook at the following Chinese phrases. Can you translate the exact meaning of the same word in different collocations?? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??假花 假牙 假唱 假钞 假酒 假新闻 大雨 大风 大雾 自我意识 竞争意识 恶性循环 恶性肿瘤 恶性通货膨胀 一次性拖鞋 一次性付款? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??artificial flower false tooth lip-synch counterfeit money adulterated wine pseudo-event heavy rain strong wind thick fog self-consciousness competitive spirit vicious circle malignant tumor galloping inflation disposable slippers lump-sum payment3. Common Mistakes in Word Diction???? ? ? ? ? ?There are several kinds of mistakes which are common to be found in word diction during C-E diction. These mistakes can be divided into the following categories: 1) the mistakes caused by mechanical correspondence of literal meaning Words with the same referential meaning often appear in different literal forms in different languages, so if we translate word for word from Chinese to English without paying attention to the sterling expression ways, many funny mistakes would arise. For examples: 好好学习，天天向上。 Good good study, day day up. 我看了他一眼。 I look him an eye. 来日方长 Come sun square longThe mistakes in the above three examples are quite obvious, but sometimes mistakes of this kind are quite difficult to be identified. Let us look at the following examples:? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??密码 口水 救火 大片 蝴蝶结 长镜头 方便面 不冻港 隐形眼镜 课堂测验 流动资金 拳头产品 新闻自由? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??secret code mouth water to save a fire big movie butterfly knot long lens convenient noodles non-freezing port invisible glasses classroom exam circulating funds first product freedom of Newspassword saliva to fight a fire blockbuster bow zoom lens instant noodles ice-free port contact lenses pop-quiz working capital knockout product freedom of Press2) the mistakes caused by the difference in referential meaning?? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ?There are some English and Chinese words which have very similar linguistic forms and literal meaning but with totally different referential meaning. Such “correspondence” is very misleading in translating Chinese words into English. Let us look at the following examples to see whether you have made such mistakes before. 酸奶 our milk (变质发酸的牛奶) yoghurt 绿豆 green bean (四季豆) mung bean 卧室 living room (客厅) bedroom 试穿 to have a fit (勃然大怒) try something on 食言 to eat one’s words (承认自己说错话) go back on one’s promise 番茄酱 tomato sauce (一种调味酱) ketchup 向外看 look out (当心，留神) look outside/out of sth 黄色书籍 yellow book (分类广告电话簿) dirty/adult book 翻天覆地 to move heaven and earth (不遗余力，千方百计) earthshaking 街上的行人 street people (无家可归的人) pedestrian3) mistakes caused by the difference in associative meaning?? ?Some words in English and Chinese are quite similar, no matter in literal form or in referential meaning. However, the associative meanings in these words are actually not equivalent with each other due to the different cultural backgrounds. The kinds of words could be rather confusing and thus need special attention in the progress of translation. The following are some examples with different emotional colors in English and Chinese. 农民 宣传 价廉物美 cheap and good 农民 is a neutral word in Chinese, while “peasant” is a derogatory term, with the associative meaning as “a rude person or a uncultivated person”, so “farmer” would be more proper. “宣传” means to inform the public, explain something to them and educate them, while “propaganda”, which looks quite equivalent, actually has the shadow of something deceptive. So “popularize” is more appropriate. “Cheap” is easy to be associated with something low in price but poor in quality. Therefore, “价廉物美”, the commendatory term in Chinese would be more suitable to be translated into “economical and good” or “nice and inexpensive”.Summary?In view of all the above, we can find translating Chinese into English is never easy because these two languages are fed up by different cultural background. But good translation can still be achieved if we take a careful and comprehensive consideration, which can be trained and improved in each translating exercises. That is to say, practice makes perfect. And when some Chinese collocations have their fixed translations in English, my advice to you is to remember them as soon as you come across them, whenever and wherever.Translation Techniques (Chinese to English)? ??1. Conversion of Part of Speech of Words 2. Omission 3. Amplification1. Conversion of Part of Speech of Words??Just like what we do in translating English into Chinese, changing part of speech of Chinese word is a frequently used technique in translating Chinese into English. There is no other but one sentence, which is quite abstract, can apply to the conversion of part of speech of words, i.e. make a concrete analysis of concrete situations. There are plenty of examples in your book, so let us look at them together and pass this part quickly.2. Omission??As we have already mentioned before, Chinese and English are entirely two different languages with different expression ways. If we translate Chinese to English word for word, the only result is to produce superfluous “Chinglish”. What we also mentioned in the front part is that some words should be supplemented in the translation from English to Chinese. In turn, if we want to make our translations from Chinese to English concise and smooth, certain Chinese words which need not be translated should be omitted. In translating Chinese from English, there are two typical circumstances in which certain Chinese words should be omitted.1) the omission of abstract nouns??In the translation of English to Chinese, sometimes certain words have to be supplemented in order to apply to Chinese expression ways. Still remember we translate “alienation” into “异化现象” and “indifference” into “冷漠的态度”? Different from abstract nouns in English, abstract nouns in Chinese (such as “事业”, “问题”, “局 面”, “状况”, “现象”) are rarely be used just by themselves, but are accompanied with certain words to constitute certain fixed phrases, such as “祖国的解放事业”, “衣食住行问题”, “混乱局面”, “贫 穷落后的状况”, “浪费现象”. Since there is no such expressions in English and certain English abstract nouns can be used independently to express the same meanings, special attention should be paid to the choice of words in this aspect. The key point lies in defining whether those words mentioned above have concrete meanings or not in certain contexts. If they do have meanings, then they should be translated. If not, then they can be omitted.Let us compare the translations in each group below:①我们必须培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。 We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. 你应当对退休问题抱积极态度。 You should adopt a positive attitude toward retirement. ②失业是城市的常见现象。 Unemployment tends to be a common city phenomenon. 多年来，该国一直存在严重的失业现象。 For many years, there has been serious unemployment in that country. ③对他来说，工作是最重要的事情。 To him, work is the most important thing. 大会准备工作在继续进行。 Preparations for the conference continued. ④我们应当结合具体情况来处理问题。 We should deal with the matter in light of the specific conditions. 请及时向管理部门回报工作情况。 Please report your work to the management in a timely manner. ⑤局面正在失去控制。 The situation is getting out of control. 政府结束了那个时期社会动荡不安的局面。 The government put an end to the social unrest and upheaval of that time.2) the omission of repeated words??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?There is a rhetorical device called “repeating”, that is, to use two words with similar meaning together to achieve the purpose of strengthening the expression. While in translation, in most cases, translating one of them is enough. Let us look at the following examples and their translations:①杭州不仅有风景如画的西湖，而且还有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。 Hangzhou boasts not only the picturesque West Lake, but also delicious food and pretty handicrafts. ②海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。 The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same flesh and blood. ③务必要继续发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统，提倡勤俭，崇尚节约。 It is imperative to carry on the fine tradition of hard work and encourage frugality. ④他从小就认真读书，刻苦学习。 He worked very hard at his studies even in early childhood. ⑤他家里很穷，没有什么衣服可穿，也没有什么东西可吃。 His family was so poor that they did not have enough food and clothing.3. Amplification??It is believed that the most essential discrepancy within Chinese and English exists in a great contrast between parataxis and hypotaxis. Because of this, many sentences which sound smooth and natural in Chinese are not logical or intact or even wrong in expressing the same meanings in English. Therefore, in such circumstances, certain words, such as conjunctions, pronouns and subjects, needed to be supplemented in order to express the same meaning in correct, logical and smooth English. What’s more, many Chinese words are concise in form but profound in meaning, which means that certain words have to be added in order to translate the implied meanings. At last, there are some Chinese words which are closely correlated with the particular social and cultural backgrounds in China. Without amplification, these words would be really hard for the foreigners to understand. Now, let us look at some examples under these three categories.1) the supplement of syntactic indispensable words?①贵公司7月9号来函已收悉。? ??We acknowledge the receipt of the letter of your company dated July 9. (the supplement of subject)②申请书必须要下午2点前交上来。? ??You must submit your application by 2:00 p.m. (the supplement of subject and possecive pronoun)③天色已晚，我得赶紧回家。? ??It’s getting dark, so I must hurry home. (the supplement of conjunction to show the cause-and-effect relationship)④公司里一半以上的雇员表示要在今年买车。??More than half of the employees in the company have expressed their desire to buy a car this year. (“express” is a transitive verb and thus must have an object.)2) the supplement of words for completing the information?①从长远看，入世对中国加快实现国家农业现代化将产生积极的影响。? ??In the long run, China’s accession to the WTO will exert positive influence in accelerating the modernization of China’s farming sector. (Here “入世” means “China’s accession to the WTO”.)②普通老百姓能在不久的将来圆私家车之梦。? ??The common people will be able to realize their dreams of owning a car. (Here “私家车之梦” means “拥有私家车的梦想” )③人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房。???When anyone among the people breaks the law, he too should be punished and imprisoned. (“人民” is a collective noun and cannot be used to refer to a specific person. Here it obvious means “anyone among the people”. )④孔子收下这些学生，开创了中国教育史上的私人讲学事业。??Confucius accepted them as his students, thus he became the first individual to initiate a private school in the history of Chinese education. (If we translate “收下这些学生”directly into “accepted these students”, it will not apply to the meaning of the whole sentence. Because these persons were not “students” until they were accepted by Confucius, and from then on the private school in Chinese education has began. )3) the supplement of explanatory words? ?①甲方应负责工地上的三通一平。 Party A shall be responsible for the supply of water, electricity, and gas, the provision of telecommunication facilities and road access, and for the leveling of the ground on the construction site. ②老少边穷地区 old revolutionary base areas, frontier areas, poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by national minorities? ?? ? ? ?③传、帮、带 pass on experience, give help and set an example in training new hands④三乱 Indiscriminate fines, charges and assessments??⑤一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我“胖了”之后即大骂其 新党。 After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked “fat”, and having made that complimentary remark he started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.
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