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2013广东英语导游词(5篇全)
2013 广东英语导游词(5 篇全)1.VISITING GUANGDONGGuangdong Province, bordering on the South China Sea, is located in the southernmost of China’s mainland. It adjoins Fujian Province on the east, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces on the north and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on the west, with Hong Kong and Macou lying to its south respectively on the east and west banks of the Pearl River estury. It covers an area of about 180,000 square kilometers of land and 420,000 square kilometers of sea with a total population of 94,500,000. Located on the subtropical zone, Guangdong enjoys a mild climate and a rich rainfall, with an average annual temperate of 22.3℃ centigrade and a rainfall of 1,700 mm. With Guangzhou as its capital, Guangdong Province now has jurisdiction over 21 prefecture-level cities, among which Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou are the three earliest Economic Special Zones opened to the outside world. Four prefectural cities-Chaozhou, Meizhou, Foshan and Zhaoqin-enjoy a reputation of “National Historical and Cultural City”.Moreover, there are still 19 cities or counties that have been awarded with the honorable title of “National Excellent Tourism City”. During the Pre-Qin period, Guangdong area was inhabited by the NanYue ethnic people. Qin unified South China in 219 A.D. and set up Guilin, Xiangjun and Nanhai prefectures. Today’s Guangzhou is where the Nanhai Prefecture was located. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasy, a former Qin commanding general, Zhao Tuo by name, founded the first local state in the presentday Guangdong area, the Kingdom of Nanyue, thus promoting the fusion between the Han and the Yue ethnics and accelerating the social, economic and cultural progress in South China. Under the Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms period, the region to the north of Hepu was named Guangzhou, which ruled the Nanhai, Changwu and Yulin prefectures. Hence, the name of “Guangzhou” came into being. At that time, China’s foreign trade channel starting from Panyu was established, which is the origin of the Maritime Silk Road.In Ming Dynasty, Guangdong became one of the 13 provinces. The early Qing Dynasty inherited Ming’s system and set up Guangdong Province. The name of “Guangdong” was officially adopted. The government of Qing established Guangdong Customs in Guangzhou, which is the first official establishment of customs in the history of our country. The late Qing Dynasty witnessed the birth of national capitalism and national industry, and the “Westernization Movement” in which the Chinese people learned from the West in search of a road of wealth and power. With Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao as the leading exponents, the Bourgeois reformists wrote books to disseminate their ideas and popularize their reformist thoughts, which were gradually developed into a political practice, and eventually led to a capitalist reform movement. Guangdong is also the original place of China’s modern revolution. Sun Yat-sen from Xiangshan county led and founded the first bourgeois political party in China: the Tong Meng Hui(Revolutionary League). He led the Huanghua Gang Uprising, the Law-Protecting Movement and also successfully achieved the First Cooperation of the Communist Party and the Kuomintang. Sun Yat-sen was honored as “the Forerunner of Democratic Revolution” and “Father of the Republic of China”. Since the 1980s, Guangdong, a place propitious for giving birth to great men, was the first province to open to the outside world and quickly became one of the most economically developed regions in China, with an average per capita GDP exceeding 4000 US dollars. People’s living standard for the time reached the comparatively well-off level. Guangzhou Trade Fairs, established in 1957 and held in every April and October, is known as the “NO.1 Exhibition of China”. The Pearl River Delta today has attained fruitful attainments. It has entered a new era of vigorous development. In the long process of historical development, the unique Lingnan(the area covering Guangdong and Guangxi) culture has formed after the exchange, clash, and fusion of various cultures. In Guangdong Province, there exist three groups of people: Guangfu, Chao-shan, Kakka, which are corresponding to Guangfu culture, Chao-shan culture and Kakka culture respectively. The Guangfu group appeared the earliest, which lives in the Pearl River Delta and some other counties and cities in the middle and west part of Guangdong Province. The Kakka group can best reflect the fusion and transformation between Lingnan culture and Central Plain culture. It is distributed mainly over Meizhou region. The Kakkas have inherited the fine tradition from the Central Plain culture, such as practicing frugality, self-esteem and self-reliance, showing respect to teachers and attaching great importance to education. The Chao-shan group mainly lives in Chaozhou and Shantou. Chao-shan people are adventurous, innovative and ingenious. The significant feature distinguishing the three groups is their different dialects, that is, the “Baihua”(the plain language) based on Guangzhou dialect, the Kakka language based on Meizhou dialect and the Chao-shan language based on Shantou local dialect. The minorities of Guangdong are distributed mainly in places like Liannan and Ruyuan districts. Local customs such as the Getang (the Singing Meet) and the Wooden Handle Lion of Yao nationality, the Eighth of April Festival and the Ox King Birthday Celebration of Zhuang nationality, as well as the Third of March Festival and the Second of February Festival of She nationality are of unique flavor.As a vehicle of Lingnan culture, the architectures in Guangdong are also distinctive. Folk buildings unique to the region all present distinct Lingnan characteristics, for example, the Xiguan big house and the arcaded building, the H buildings of social institutions, such as the Temple of South China Sea God, Foshan Ancestral Temple, the Chen Family Temple and the Panyu A buildings of world cultural heritage such as the Kaiping watchtowers, and buildings for city defense such as the Xinhui Yanmen artillery fort and the Guangzhou Zhenhai Tower. The Lingnan garden, represented by Qinghui Garden, Ke Garden and Yuyinshanfang Garden, together with Northern Garden and Suzhou Garden, are reputed as the “three major landscape gardens in China.” The folk culture of Guangdong has strong regional features. The Cantonese Opera, Chao Opera and Opera are locally popular. The Lingnan art of potted landscape and bonsai is numbered as one of the five major styles in the country. Folk dance, dragon dance, lion dance and dragon boating all display special Lingnan flavors. Guangdong Embroidery, together with Suzhou Embroidery, Hunan Embroidery and Sichuan Embroidery, is known as one of the four famous embroideries in China. Guangdong ceramics, consisting of Guangzhou decorative porcelain, Shiwan pottery and Fengxi earthenware, had found a market overseas as early as the Tang Dynasty. The delicate and exquisite Guangdong carving, including ivory carving, jade carving and wood carving, attains to unrivalled workmanship. Special crafts of Guangdong, such as Duan Ink-stone in Zhaoqing, paper-cut and lion-head making in Foshan, palm-leaf handicraft in Xinhui and lacquerware in Yangjiang, boast a long history and extremely high craftsmanship. Guangzhou cuisine is one of the four major cuisines in China. As a Chinese saying goes, “to enjoy the best that life has to offer, one has to eat in Guangdong”. Guangdong cuisine consists of Guangzhou, Chaozhou and Dongjiang dishes. Guangzhou dishes are characterized by being light, fresh, tender, tasty and crisp. They are particular about color, aroma, taste and appearance. Chaozhou dishes excel in sea food, and especially in soup. Dongjiang dishes, also known as Hakka dishes, using much meats for preparation, tend to be greasy and slightly salty. Of them, the most special is the earthenware pot casserole. Apart from the four major dishes, the great variety of local delicacies also enjoys great fame all over China. The natural tourism resources of Guangdong are also varied and many. Among them, there is Mount Danxia, named World Geology Park by UNESCO; Yangchun Lingxiao Cave and Zhaoqing Seven-star Crags, known for
Ten-mile Silver Beach on Hailing Island in Yangjiang that has entered the Guinness Re Nansha Newly-reclaimed Wetland Park in Guangzhou, a large-scale wetland
Conghua Hotspring, Enping Hotspring and Zhuhai Imperial Hotspring, all effective in stimulating blood circulation and relaxing muscles and joints, providing skin
Seven-star Crags and Mount Dinghu, listed in the first nationa famous waterfalls such as Panlong Gorge Waterfall in Deqing, Baishuizhai Waterfall in Zeng Cheng, Mawei Waterfall at Mount D other special scenic spots such as the Small Three Gorges of Xijiang River, the Huangteng Gorge Drifting in Qingyuan, the underground river in Lianzhou, the Juren Village at Xiema, and Lingnan Water Country at M and a large number of forest parks including Liuxi River Forest Part, Mount Xiqiao Forest Park Nanling National Forest Park, Nankunshan Forest Park, and Shimen Forest Bathing Place…Guangdong is a major tourism province in China. In 2008, its tourism income witnessed a total of 246.1 billion RMB yuan, accounting roughly for one fourth of the general national tourism income. Over a hundred million inbound tourists visited the province in this year. With 9.1 billion US dollars of foreign exchange earnings from tourism, the province ranked first in the whole country. According to the data up to the end of 2008, there are over 6,900 tourist restaurants, 410,000 guest rooms, and 770,000 beds in the whole province. Guangdong is currently making great strides in building a strong tourism province. With its long history, splendid culture, special folk customs, abundant tourist resources, its first-rate modern tourist facilities and hospitable people, the Guangdong of today is sure to strike you as more than worth a visit!2.Site for Former Whampoa Military Academy【On the way to the Academy】- 【At the Main Entrance】- 【At the Academy Gate】 -【At the Office of the Political Department】-【President’s General Office】- 【President’s Reception Chamber】-【Former Residence of Sun Yat-sen】- 【Monument to Sun Yat-sen】- 【Its Club】 -【Its swimming Pool】-【Martyr’s Cemetery in Memory of Eastern Expedition】 【On the way to the Academy】 Whampoa Military Academy is the cradle of Chinese military strategists, and a holy land of the national revolution. It is known as one of the four prestigious military academies together with the west point in the United Stages, the royal Military Academy in Britain and Frunze Military Academy in former Russia. After Xinhai revolution in 1911, China stood the test such events as the First National Revolutionary War, the land reform, War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation. Graduates and staff from Whampoa Military Academy starred during the war or peace times in the different ways. Among the ten generals of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, five of them were its graduates. They are Ye Jianying, Nei Rongzhen, Chen Yi, Xu Xiangqian and Lin Biao. Its staff members include Zhou Emlai, Tao Zhu, Liu Zhidan and Zuo Quan. They were awarded their titles as the first group of generals of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. They have made great contribution to the victory of the War of Liberation. The generals of the Nationalist Army are graduates of Whampoa as well. Li Jishen, Du Yuming, Hu Zongnan, Deng Yanda, Song Xilian and Chen Cheng, to name a few. Some people commented that the wars in the modern time of China were actually battles among its former staff and graduates. This is a snap conclusion but to some degree it is true if we look at the name lists of the generals of the two parties: the Communist Party and the Nationalist Party. Many historical documents and facts shadow the Whampoa Military Academy with a mysterious veil. This myth attracts people from all walks of life come to pay a visit or to conduct related research. With the assistance of the Communist Party of China and the former Soviet government, Sun Yat-sen founded a new-style military and political academy. “To establish a revolutionary army to save China form all risks” was the aim he brought forth at its opening ceremony on June, 16th, 1926. This academy was under the leadership of Premier Sun Yat-sen, President Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist Party representative Liao Zhongkai. It ran seven enrollments on end before it was relocated to Nanjing in 1930 and later to Chengdu and Taiwan.【At the Main Entrance】Inscribed on the plaque at the top of the main entrance are six Chinese characters “陆军军官学校”(General Academy of Army), written by Tan Yankai, the patriarch of the Nationalist Party. The academy was renamed for a few times, but they never put the four Chinese character “黄埔军校”on the plaque. It is called so just because it was located at Whampoa, in Changzhou Island, Guangzhou. Now we come back to the topic why Sun Yat-sen wanted to found a military academy? He devoted himself to the national revolution for more than two decades, but he did not have an army loyal to the revolution. This led to the failure in revolution from time to time, he concluded. He felt extremely sad in 1922 when Chen Jiongmin betrayed him and bombarded the Office of the President. After deep refection, he was determined to establish a general academy of army to cultivate leading generals and well-trained soldiers in order to succeed in the revolution. Mottos and couplets were posted inside the Academy. We can find the last words of Premier Sun Yat-sen here: “The work of revolution is not yet done, let all our comrades strive for its success.” Behind the main entrance is the site of the academy. It used to be the Canton Army Primary School in thelate Qing Dynasty. After the Academy was established, the president’s office, departments’ offices, classrooms, dormitories and the dining hall were all here. But all the buildings on the campus were destroyed by Japanese fighter planes in 1938. It was really a pity. In May, 1998, Guangzhou municipal government decided to have the academy rebuilt. Its reconstruction cost more than 20 million yuan. It was completed on November 12th, in 1998 when it was the 130th anniversary of Premier Sun Yat-sen. 【At the Academy Gate】 The Academy covers an area of 10,600 square meters .Its two-storey school board buildings are brick-timber framed. Three main passages and four rows of housing buildings are its layout. The four rows of housing buildings have the same design and stand symmetrically on either the east or the west side of an invisible north-south axis. Surrounded by walls, these four buildings lead onto the main passages. As we can see, the buildings on the campus are linked into a complete whole by passages. We can also feel its quietness and grace. The place we are now standing at was called “Dahua Hall”. It was the meeting place of its staff members and students when the academy was just set up and they did not have auditorium. 【At the Office of the Political Department】 We are now visiting the office of the Political Department. Premier Zhou Enlai worked as the third director of this Department when they had their first enrollment. Marshal Nie Rongzhen acted as secretary for this Department, and he worked as a drill master as well. President’s Chamber is the room where President Qiang Kai-shek used to work and rest. The furnishings in the room are displayed according to their original arrangement when he was here. On the walls is name list of their first enrolled students, including their name, birth place, ages and comment column. President is the person who makes the comment in the column. He once wrote about Chen Gen like this: “This graduate looks weak, but he is poised and hardworking. He is qualified to lead his men.” From the comments he made, we cold infer that President Qiang Kai-shek is a careful observer of the students’ personality, ability and strong points. 【President’s General Office】 Now we are entering President’s General Office. Nationalist Party’s representative, Liao Zhongkai, worked here. As the Party’s patriarch and great contributor to the Xinhai Revolution, he dedicated himself to the establishment of the Academy by taking concurrent posts. When the school had financial difficulties, he spared no effort to raise funds to get through. He assured his colleagues, “Please don’t worry about our financial situation, I’ll be responsible for it. You are shouldered with the responsibility to train and nurture our students.” His devotedness won him the title “a motherly affectionate leader of the party and the army.” 【President’s Reception Chamber】 The couplet in the President’s Reception says, “Climb the hills to see the sea afar, ride on the horse to pacify China”. It was written by the famous calligrapher and the Nationalist Party’s Patriarch Yu Youren and was presented to President Chiang Kai-shek. The structure of the couplet in Chinese is symmetrical. Its wording is vigorous. This couplet expresses the ambition and firm determination of the staff and students to reunify China, with this academy as their solid base. 【The Former Residence of Sun Yat-sen】 The two-storey building combines the Chinese and western architectural styles. It was used as a customs house during the Qing Dynasty. In 1952 when this building was under repair, the wooden staircase in the west was made indoors. The exhibits were organized into the themes of “The Old Days of this Storied Building” and “Anecdotes of Sun-Mei”. We can see some pictures, and some physical objects. From the exhibits here, we can know more about the past glory of the academy, and the friendship between Sun Yat-sen and his Japanese friend, Umeya Shakichi. 【Monument to Sun Yat-sen】 This monument was built in 1928 and completed in 1930. It can be said that its shape and design is distinctive. Viewed from afar, a huge Chinese character “ 文 ”iseye-catching.“文”is the focus of the whole thing. Why so? As you know, “文”is the name given by his parents when he was born. The base of the monuments is massive. Four striking Chinese characters “亲爱精诚”are written there, emphasizing the qualities of “love and sincerity”. This four-word text is the motto of the Military Academy. This base consists of two parts, separating by a passage. The lower part implies a figure of seven. It symbolizes the seven enrollments the Military Academy has had in Whampoa. The upper part implies a figure of five. It refers to the five battles its staff and students waged successfully. Please look up at the statue of Sun Yat-sen. He was concentrating himself in lecturing his Three Principles of the People, wasn’t he? This bronze statue is 3.9 meters in height and 1 ton in weight. It was donated by his Japanese friend, Umeya Shakichi, who entrusted this work to a Japanese sculptor (牧田祥哉). As Umeya was in financial difficulty at that time, he had four identical statues made only. The other three were placed respectively in Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, and Sun Yat-sen Memorial in Macau. Under the foot of the statue, we can see Chinese characters inscribed on the four sides of the monument. On its front facade is “孙总理纪念碑”，the handwritings of a famous calligrapher, called Hu Hanming. Its equivalent in English is “Dedicated to Premier Sun”. On its back are the words, depicting him a man as he is. These words are used as the oaths of his comrades when they go on with the work he left unfinished. On its eastern side are“和平、奋斗、救中国”（For Peace, to Struggle and Save China）.On its western side is the exhortation of Premier Sun. These words have been encouraging, inciting and advising earnestly his comrades and later generations. His exhortation was adopted as national anthem after Nationalist Party settled its capital in Nanjing 1927. 【Its Club】 This two-storey building, quite a grand hall at that time, was completed in 1926. It holds more than one thousand people. The Academy often had their gatherings, presentations, celebrations, and entertaining performance here in this auditorium. 【Its Swimming Pool】 Most of the students were from the northern part of China. They couldn’t swim. This could be a drawback. Two docks nearby were transformed into swimming pools. They first learned how to swim in the pools, then went to swim in the Pearl River. This training prepared the enrolled students to fight in the southern part of China where water networks were formed. 【Marty’s Cemetery in Memory of Eastern Expedition】 This cemetery was built in 1925, completed one year later. Its design is similar to Cemetery for 72 martyrs at Huanghuagang, Guangzhou. This cemetery was built in memory of 516 martyrs who lay down their life on the two Eastern Expeditions in 1925. Among those heroes, Liu Yaozhan was of the highest rank. He was promoted to Lieutenant General after his death. On its west lies the cemetery for their 16 generals. Inscribed there are the nine Chinese characters read like“东征阵亡 烈士纪念坊”. Its equivalent of English is “Dedicated to the Martyrs on Eastern Expeditions”. They are the handwritings of Zhang Renjie. His other name is Zhang Jingjiang. He is the patriarch of the Nationalist Party, the military counselor and the teacher of Chiang Kai-shek. He was one of the three most famous calligraphers serving for the Nationalist Party. Eastward Walk brings us to the cemetery of Cai Guangju. Born in Zunyi, Gunzhou, he was a student in the list of the first enrollment of the Academy. On the Eastern Expedition, he died in Danshui. Due to his bravery and his high ranking among the graduates, he earned this honour to have his own cemetery. Monument to Northern Expedition was erected in 1929 to remember those who sacrificed their life in the battles on their Northern Expedition. It is 7 meters high. There are inscriptions on the three sides of the base. “Dedicated to the Graduates of the General Academy of Army who served as Generals and Lieutenants, but sacrificed on the Northern Expedition” are the characters writtenon its front facade. “Sacrifice for the Motherland” are on its east side while “Sacrifice for the People” are on its west. The names of 353 martyrs who were graduates of the Academy are inscribed on the northern, eastern and western sides. Their noble spirit of revolution are unceasingly inspiring later generations. 黄埔军校旧址 【在途中】―― 【在大门处】――【校 本部大门】――【政治部】――【校长办公厅】――【校长会客厅】――【孙中山“故居”】 ―― 【孙总理纪念碑前】 ―― 【军校俱乐部】 【军校游泳池】 【东征烈士墓园】【在 ―― ―― 途中】 黄埔军校，是中国军事家的摇篮，国民革命的圣地。它与美国的西点军校、英国的 皇家军事学院、俄国伏龙芝军事学院被称为世界四大著名军校。 中国自辛亥革命以来，历 经了北伐战争、土地革命、抗日战争和解放战争。在漫长的革命战争中，黄埔军校毕业生的 学员走着两条不同的道路。 在中国人民解放军十位元帅中有五位出自黄埔军校， 他们是叶剑 英、聂荣臻、陈毅、徐向前和林彪。解放军首批授衔的著名将领，例如大家非常熟知的周总 理、陶铸、刘志丹和左权等，他们为中国人民解放斗争的胜利作出了重大的贡献。而国民党 军队的将领中，黄埔军校毕业的著名将领有李济深、杜聿明、胡宗南、邓演达、宋希濂和陈 诚等。有人说，中国现代战争是黄埔军校师生自己打自己。这结论是简单了一些，但从战争 双方共产党和国民党的主要将领看， 也有一定的道理。 这些历史事实使军校蒙上了一层神秘 的色彩。因此，吸引了不少各界人士来此参观、研究。 黄埔军校是孙中山先生在中国共产 党和苏联政府帮助下创办的一所新型的军事政治学校。1924 年 6 月 16 日举行开学典礼， 孙中山在开学演讲中提出“创造革命军，来挽救中国的危亡”作为办校宗旨。军校有三位最高 的领导人： 校总理孙中山、 校长蒋介石、 党代表廖仲恺。 军校在长洲岛共办了 7 期， 1930 年 迁往南京，后又迁往成都和台湾。 【在大门处】 军校大门门匾上的“陆军军官学校”是国民 党元老谭延]手笔，军校曾几次改名，其实都没有真正挂过“黄埔军校”四个字的门匾。因旧 址在广州黄埔长洲岛，所以称它为黄埔军校。 孙中山先生为什么要创办军校？因为，他革 命二十多年来，都没有一支忠于革命的军队，致使革命屡遭失败。尤其是 1922 年陈炯明叛 变，炮轰总统府，因而十分悲痛。沉思中他开始认识到，革命要成功，必须创建办一所陆军 军官学校，来培养革命军队的领军人。 校门内外张贴有各种标语和对联。如孙中山先生的 遗训：“革命尚未成功，同志仍须努力。” 大门后的建筑，称为校本部。它原是清末广东陆 军小学堂， 黄埔军校创办后，总理校长和各部的办公室、 学生课堂、 宿舍、 饭堂都设在这里。 很可惜，这些建筑在 1938 年遭到日机的轰炸，荡然无存。1998 年 5 月初，广州市政府决 定重建校本部。 耗资 2000 多万元， 于同年 11 月 12 日的孙中山诞辰 130 周年之际落成。 【校 本部大门】 校本部建筑面积 1.06 万平方米，是两层砖木结构，三条主要通道，四排房舍。 在南北走向的中轴线东西两侧，房舍排列的形式一致，且相互对称。四排房子之间跟走廊连 通，四周有围墙。整座建筑宁静幽雅，自称一体。 我们现在站的地方，当时称大花厅。办 校初期由于没有礼堂，师生集会常常在此举行。 【政治部】 我们现参观政治部。我们敬爱 的周总理当年是黄埔第一期的第三位政治部主任。 聂荣臻元帅当年曾在政治部担任秘书和教 官工作。 校长室是蒋介石办公和休息的地方，里面的摆设是按原貌恢复的。墙上贴着第一 期学生的名录，包括姓名、籍贯、年龄、评语等项。评语一栏由蒋介石亲自填写。他在陈庚 的评语栏上写这样的评语：“此人外形文弱，但性格稳重，能刻苦耐劳，可以带兵。”可见他 能细致观察每位学生的性格、能力和特点。 【校长办公厅】 现在来到的校长办公厅，也是 党代表廖仲恺的办公室。 党代表廖仲恺身兼数职， 作为国民党元老和辛亥革命有功之臣的廖 仲恺为军校建设真是做到了呕心沥 血、鞠躬尽瘁，当时军校经费十分困难，廖仲恺千方百 计为军校筹款，经常到深夜才回家。军校遇到经费困难时，廖仲恺总是说：“大家放心，经 费由我负责，你们只要把学生训练好就行了。 ”他在军校被誉为“党军慈母”。 【校长会客厅】 这里是校长会客厅。“登高望远海，立马定中原”，这是国民党元老、著名的书法家于右任赠 给蒋介石校长的。这幅对联很工整，也很有气势，表达了军校师生立足黄埔，北定中原，统一中国的抱负。 【孙中山“故居”】 这座两层洋房是中西结合的建筑，原为清朝末年的海关 楼，墙上嵌有“孙中山先生故居”字样。1952 年维修时，把木楼梯从西侧改到室内。楼内陈 列的《小楼昨日》《孙梅轶史》和照片以及其它陈列物，可以比较详细地了解到军校昔日的 、 风采， 还有孙中山和他的日本友人梅屋庄吉的故事。 【孙总理纪念碑前】 此碑建于 1928 年， 1930 年落成。碑的造型可以说是独具匠心，构思非常巧妙的。它远看犹如一个巨大的“文” 字耸立天穹。孙中山名文，碑上的“文”字则暗含了孙文的意思。碑座正面刻有“亲爱精诚”， “亲爱精诚”是军校的校训。 大家请看碑座：底下 7 级，上层 5 级，中间隔有较长的平级将 其截然分开， 7 级代表军校在此地办了 7 期， 5 级则代表军校师生共参加了五次战役， 这 而 且全部获胜。 请抬头望这座铜像。 宛如他生前站在讲台上讲述“三民主义”的原理。铜像是 孙中山先生生前的好友、日本友人梅屋庄吉赠送的。他委托雕刻家牧田祥哉塑造。最后由于 经费困难，只铸成四尊，一尊放在这里，其余三尊则放在广州中山大学、南京中山陵和澳门 孙中山纪念馆。四尊铜像都是一模一样的，均高 3.9 米，重约 1 吨。 请看碑身四周：正面 刻有“孙总理纪念碑”六个隶体大字，是胡汉民的笔迹。东面刻着“和平、奋斗、救中国”。碑 身背面刻的总理像赞，它是孙中山革命一 生的写照，也是师生继承孙中山遗志的誓言。西 面刻的是总理训词。1927 年国民党定都南京后，“总理训词”便成为中华民国国歌。3.中国民俗文化村 China Folk Culture Village[民俗文化概况] 中国是个幅员辽阔、民族众多的国家，在 960 万平方公里的土地上生活 56 个民族。中国民俗文化村是一个荟萃中国 56 个民族民间艺术、民族风情和民居 建筑于一园的大型文化游览区。民俗村内有来自全国各地的数百名少数民族演 员； 游客在此不但可以了解到各民族的民俗风情，还可以欣赏到各民族不同特色 的歌舞和特技表演，品尝到他们的民族小吃。同时，游客还可以亲身参与一些具 有少数民族特色的娱乐活动，如溜索、水上漂流等。 [Introduction] China is a country with a vast territory and a multitude of nationalities. It has 56 ethnic groups living on a land of 9,600,000 square kilometers. China Folk Culture Village is a large culture tourist resort which gathers together in one place the folk arts, the local customs and the local-style dwelling houses of the 56 ethnic groups of China. There are 24 stockade villages of 21 ethnic groups in it. Most of the buildings are designed and constructed by the craftsmen of respective ethnic group. Some of them are reassembled with complete sets of structural components disassembled from the original houses in their native place. In this folkculture village, there are hundreds of minority performers from different parts of China. Tourists can not only experience each ethnic group’s folk customs here, but also enjoy their distinctive performances of songs, dances and tricks, taste their snacks and meanwhile participate in some recreational activities with distinctive minority features, such as sliding over rope-bridge and drifting on flowing water.[维吾尔族] 这里是维吾尔族村寨。 维吾尔族是居住在新疆天山以南地区的少数民族，人 口近 600 万。新疆出产的哈密瓜、葡萄干等水果全国出名。维吾尔族是一个能歌 善舞的民族，他们舞蹈姿态优美，旋律轻快，服装绚丽多彩。 [Uygurs] Here is the stockade village of Urygurs. The Urygurs are one of the minorities living in the south of the Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, with a population of 6 million Owing to the dry weather and lack of rain in Xinjiang, the Uygurs live in the ho and because sunshine is sufficient there, Xinjiang abounds in very sweet melons and fruits. The Hami melons and raisin produced in Xinjiang are well known all over China. The Uygurs are good at singing and dancing. They havegraceful dance movement, living melody, bright and colorful dress with adornment.[藏族] 藏族分布在辽阔的青藏高原，人口约 500 万。藏族人由于长期生活在高海拔 地区， 受阳光直射的时间长， 故皮肤黝黑。 这里是藏族的房， 大家可以进去参观。 藏族人民会以独立的方式欢迎客人的到来；他们会向游客献上雪白的哈达，祝福 游客“扎西得勒”，意思是吉祥如意。 藏族人信奉藏传佛教。 这座寺庙是按照西藏的大照寺和青海的塔尔寺的风格 建成的喇嘛寺。 外面的这些轮转是他们祈祷用的经筒；据说人们顺时针方向波动 经筒就可以祈求心中的愿望得以实现。 大家进入庙寺时要保持安静； 里面的佛经， 经书，钟鼓等都是佛教的圣物,请不要随便触碰。 [Tibetans] The Tibetan nationality is distributed over the vast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, making up a population of 5 million. Tibetans have dark complexion because they live in high altitude regions, exposing themselves to direct sun rays. This is a Tibetan stone-block house, please come in and have a look. The Tibetans will welcome the visitor in theirown particular way: presenting a snow-white hade to the visitor and wish him or her “zha-xi-de-le” meaning “good luck”. The Tibetans believe in Tibetan Buddhism. This is lamasery constructed in the styles of the Jokhang Monastery in Tibet and the Tarl Monastery in Qinghai. The barrel-shaped turners outside are used for praying. It is said that if you turn them clockwise while you are praying your wish will come true .Please keep quite when you enter the lamasery. The Buddha images, the scriptures, the bell and the drums inside are all holy things, please do not touch them.[蒙古族] 蒙古族是一个游牧民族， 主要居住在蒙古草原和中国西北、东北部的其他地 区，人口约 500 万。蒙古族被称作马背上的民族，以英勇善战著称,13 世纪初, 蒙古人成吉思汗曾建立起横跨亚大陆、面积达三千万平方公里的蒙古帝国。十三 世纪后期（1271 年），成吉思汗的孙子忽必烈击灭中原地区的宋朝,统一了全中 国,建立了元朝。元朝定都北京，统治中国 98 年。 [Mongolians] Mongolian nationality is a nomadic nationality, mainly living on the Mongolian Grassland and in the northwest, northwest and some other parts of China. The population is roughly 5 million. The Mongolians are called “a nationality on the horseback”, famous for their bravery and skills in the battle. In the early 13th century, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, a Mongolian an empire, stretching across the continents of Asia and Europe, with an area of 30,000,000 square kilometers, was established. In the late 13th century (1271), Genghis Khan’s grandson, Kublai Khan, conquered the Song Dynasty in Central China, united the whole China and founded the Yuan Dynasty. He made Beijing the capital and he ruled China for 98 years.[人造景观] 除东大门的人造大榕树外，民俗村内还有三处人造景观。它们是：仿云南路 南石林建成的人造石林、 气势磅礴的人造瀑布和仿照贵州织金洞修建的人工大溶 洞。如时间允许，我将带大家去参观。 [Artificial Scenery] Beside the great banyan tree at the East Gate, there are three more man-made scenes in Folk Culture Village. They are: the stone forest which is an imitation cave which is an imitation of the Zhi-jin cave of Guizhou. I’ll take you there if time permits.[文艺表演] 到民俗村参观者的游客除了在各民族村寨观看各民族演员表演的小节目之 外，还可以欣赏到一些大型的文艺演出。例如： 1,金戈王朝 这是一场别开生面的历史实景剧,表现的是 400 多年前清太主努尔哈赤用四 万兵力打败明朝号称 20 万大军的历史故事。大家不但可以目睹当年惊心动魄的 战争情景，还能观赏到他们的精彩的马术表演。努尔哈赤是清朝（中国最后一个 封建王朝）皇帝的先祖,他的(第 8 个)儿子(皇太极)击灭了明朝,建立了清王朝。清朝的皇朝是满族人，原是生活在中国东北地区的少数民族;满族人建立的清王 朝统治中国近 300 年，1911 年被孙中山领导的辛亥革命所推翻。 [Theatrical Performances] Besides watching the performances given in ach village, tourists in the Folk Culture Village can enjoy other grand shows, such as: 1. The Jin-Ge Dynasty: It is a historical play telling about the historical event occurred 400 years ago when the founder of Qing Dynasty Nurhachi defeated Ming’s army of 200,000 strong with only 40,000 Qing troops. Tourists can not only witness the sole-stirring scene of battles that time, but also enjoy the stunning performances of horsemanship. Nurhachi was the forefather of the Qing Dynasty (the last feudal dynasty of China). His (eight) son (Huang Taiji) conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty. The imperial kinsmen were the Manchus, a minority originally lived in the northeastern part of C The Qing Dynasty founded by the Manchus ruled over China for early 300 years and was overthrown in 1911 in the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. 2,东方霓裳 下午五时在中心剧场有一场演出――东方霓裳。 游客可观赏到中国各民族优 美多姿的舞蹈和绚丽多彩的民族服饰。 2. The orient Clothing: It is a 5:00 pm show in Central Theater. Tourists there can enjoy the graceful dances of all ethnic groups and their colorful costumes. 3,龙凤舞中华 每天晚上再凤凰广场还有一场大型文艺演出。近 500 名演员同台献艺，向游 客表演我国各民族的民间歌舞、音乐、杂技、魔术等，展示出中华民族五千多年 历史的灿烂多彩的民族文化。 3. The Chinese Dragon-Phoenix Dance: It is a kind of grand performance given every night in Phoenix Square. Nearly 500 performers go up on the stage and given their performances or show their skills to the tourists. The performances include folk songs and dances, folk music, acrobatics and conjuring etc. Show us brilliant and colorful national cultures of China’s 5,000-year history.4.肇庆七星岩 Qi Xing Yan Scenic Spot in Zhaoqing[简介] 七星岩位于肇庆市的城北约 3 公里处， 旅游历史可上溯到一千多年前。 1982 年七星岩和鼎湖山合称为“星湖风景名胜区”， 被国务院列为首批国家级重点名 胜区之一。 年星湖风景名胜区先后被评为“国家重点风景名胜区”、 “全国十大文明风景区示范点”、“国家 4A 级景区”。 “星湖”最早的文字记载在明代崇帧年间，已有 350 多年历史。由五个湖组 成，总面积约为 6.49 万平方米。 [Introduction] Qixingyan scenic spot enjoys a sightseeing history of more than 1000 years. It lies to the north of Zhaoqing city about three kilometers away. In 1982, Rock Qixingyan together with Mountain Dinghushan was put under the same name of “Xinghu” Scenic Area. This scenic area enjoys many well recognized titles in the travel industry. Say, it was listed among the first designated State-level Key Tourist Attractions. In the years of 1999 and 2000, Xinghu Scenic Area was ranked as “State-level key Tourist Attraction”, “Top Ten State Demonstration Site of Civilization” and “State-level 4A Resort” respectively.The Xinghu Lake is composed of five lakes, hence the origin of its name, a star-shaped lake. Xinghu (let me put it into Chinese) occupies an area of 64.9 thousand square meters. This lake has a history of over 350 years. It was first documented in Ming dynasty.[天柱岩] 七星岩共有七座岩石山， 呈两列长条状， 南列自西至东为石掌、 蟾蜍、 天柱、 石室、玉屏阆风，北列为禾枪、阿坡。景区面积共 8.227 平方公里，天柱岩高约 114 米，峰顶上的摘星亭是七星岩最高建筑物，半山上的天柱阁可用膳住宿。 [Tianzhuyan (Sky-pointing Rock)] Rock Qixingyan is made up of seven rocks. It covers an area of 8.227 square kilometers. These seven rocks line into two belts. The belt in the south includes five rocks. These five are named after their shapes. If you look from west to east, you will see Shizhangyan (Palm Pock), Chanchuyan (Toad Rock), Tianzhuyan (Sky-pointing Rock), Shishiyan (Stone Chamber Rock) and Yuping Langfengyan (Jade Screen Lang Feng Rock). The belt in the north includesother two rocks. They are named as He Qiang and Apo. I will tell you the stories about their origin later. Tianzhuyan (Sky-pointing Rock) rises up to 114 meters. The pavilion Zhaixingting (Star-Reaching Pavilion) its peak is the highest construction in Rock Qixingyan Tianzhuge is a building half way down the mountain. It is a place which serves meals and provides beds.[千年诗廊] 1962 年 2 月外交部长陈毅元帅赞美诗廊“壁上题词句，千年城诗廊”。凿 刻在天然较平坦的岩石上的图文称为“摩岩石刻”， 通常是由书法家和石匠共同 完成。 七星岩的摩崖石刻主要集中在石室岩的龙岩洞外及莲花洞。自唐宋以来，历 代诗人墨客在此赋诗题字者络绎不绝，现存有摩崖石刻 410 余件，使人恍如置身 于碑刻书法艺术的宫殿。最有艺术价值的是李邕的《端州石室记》。《端州石室 记》是七星岩现存摩崖石刻中年代最早的一篇，刻于唐代开元十五年（727 年）， 距今已有 1200 多年。李邕名满天下，书法艺术精湛，开一代书风，表现出书法 风格从瘦劲疏朗向盛唐丰厚磅礴的转变，连李白和杜甫都崇拜颂扬他。中唐时期 有名诗人李绅、宋代的名臣清官包拯、哲学家周敦颐、明代抗倭名将俞大猷都在此留下了摩崖石刻作品，清代的石刻不胜枚举。2001 年“千年诗廊”被列为全 国重点保护文物。 [Age-old Poem Corridor] This Age-old Poem Corridor is known for Mo Shi Ke (Mo Ya Stone Inscriptions). As you can see, caved and chiseled on the smooth surface of the natural rocks are the drawings and writings, recording important events or achievements in history. These inscriptions are usually completed by the joined effort of stonemasons and calligraphers. A Chinese late Minister of Foreign Affairs, marshal Chen Yi visited here in February, 1962. He commented, “The lines inscribed on the rocks here have made this place famous after a thousand years”. The stone inscription in Qi Xing Yan Scenic Spot is mainly situated in the Longyan Cave and the Lotus Cave of Rock Shishi (Rock Stone Chamber). After Tang and Song Dynasties, a flow of poets and calligraphers left their writings on the rocks. Currently, there are more than 410 pieces of stone inscriptions. They are rendering you a unique tour in the museum of calligraphy. The one before us is called A Record of Stone Chamber in Duanzhou. It is the earliest in existence here with a history of over 1200 years, inscribed in Kaiyuan Period of Tang Dynasty (727 A.D.). This inscription is the masterpiece of Li Yi, who enjoys a good reputation in China as a calligrapher. Li Bai and Du Fu, the two renowned poets in Tang Dynasty, admired his talent. As is known, Li Yi’s fine style in calligraphy is marked as a transition from sureness of touch and clearness in earlier periods to richness and strength featuring as the glorious Tang Dynasty. Apart from Li Yi, other celebrities inscribed their works here. To name a few, Li Shen, a famous poet in Middle Tang D Bao Zhen, an important official of Song D Zhou Dunyi, a wr Yu Dayou, an eminent general who fought against Japanese invaders. Given its special culture meaning, Age-old Poem Corridor was listed as one of the National Key Culture Relics Conservation Units in 2001.[水月宫] 水月宫始建于明嘉靖年间（），后废。1985 年春由国家拨款重建， 占地 6000 平方米，红墙黄瓦，采用了中国传统的沿中轴线布局的院落式。大殿 里供奉护持佛法神“摩利支天”。摩力支是梵文音译，“天”是神的异名。我国 许多寺庙的大殿内两侧都有二十诸天神像，但不专祀，而这里作为主神而专祀， 国内罕见。 摩力支有隐形法，使日神看不见她，所以成为武士崇信的偶像。这尊摩力支 铜像 1986 年重铸，高 5 米、重 6 吨。 [Palace Shui Yue Gong] Palace Shui Yue Gong was first built in Jiajiang Period () of Ming dynasty, but deserted later. It was reconstructed in 1985 with the financial support from the government. It covers an area of 6000 square meters. As you can see, the palace is decorated by red walls and yellow tiles. It adopts the traditional Chinese courtyard style of spreading out on either side of an invisible axis. The main hall is especially dedicated to “Mo Li Zhi Tian”. This arrangement is rare in China. If you visit other temples elsewhere, you are most likely to see more than twenty God statues standing on both sides of the hall. “Tian” is the name Chinese used for God who sustains the power of the Buddha. Mo Li Zhi, a transliteration, originates from Sanskit. Mo Li Zhi has a magic that she can make herself invisible to the God of Sun. Because of this, Mo Li Zhi was worshipped by many warriors in ancient China. The bronze statue of Mo Li Zhi Tian we see here was remolded in 1986. It is five meters in height and six tons in weight.[玉屏阆风岩] 石山“屏风岩”东西相连，气势雄浑，并列如屏，故称“屏风岩”。明朝开 辟时人们将东西峰分开，东峰称“阆风岩”，西峰称“玉屏岩”。 早在明万历年间这里就修了蹬道，清乾隆年间又再次重修，所以沿途可见明 清的石刻。 从“十友亭”俯瞰平湖幽堤、村落城郭，一览无遗。玉皇殿始建于明万历四 十六年（1598 年），清康熙二十年（1681 年）重修。建筑物砖木结构，重檐歇 山顶，檐下斗拱繁多而且精细。 [Yu Ping Rock and Lang Feng Rock]The adjoined Rocks before us are grand and screen-like, thus got the name of “Ping Feng Yan” or “Rock of Screen” in ancient times. Since Ming dynasty, people separated the two rocks and called the one in the east “Lang Feng Rock” and the one in the west “Yu Ping Rock”. Paths on the rock were built as early as in the period of Wanli, Ming Dynasty, and they were rebuilt during the period of Qianglong, Qing dynasty. As a result, we can see along the paths the stone inscriptions on the cliffs from Ming and Qing dynasties. Here we come to the “Shi You Ting”, or “Pavilion for Friends Gathering” in other words. From the pavilion we can get a bird view of the green lakes and tranquil villages. The palace in front of us is called “Yu Huang Dian” or “Palace of the Emperor of Heaven”, put it in other words, It was first constructed in 1598, in the period of Wanli, Ming dynasty, and rebuilt with bricks and wood in 1681 in the period of Kangxi, Qing dynasty. The roof of the palace is exquisite. The overlapping eave and the delicate arches are worth your while to have a close look.[阿坡岩] 阿坡岩的传说： 相传有一位仙女，在这里教打渔为生的乡民种植水涨禾高的 大禾，使四乡获得鱼稻双丰收。她离去后，乡民尊她为“和后”、“和婆”（阿 坡的谐音）。岩山东北麓还有明代刻的“禾后岩”三个大字。阿坡岩下周围的石壁上遍布当代名人的摩崖石刻，很有书法价值。 岩下水洞全长 300 多米，是七星岩“八洞”中最长的一个水洞。夏天进去， 凉风习习、暑气全消。如果乘船进洞探胜，里面的钟乳石千姿百态，为七星诸洞 之冠。 [Apo Rock] The rock mountain we see here is called Apo Rock. It was named after a legendary fairy. She taught the local fishmen to grow a kind of grain which would grow taller when floods came. Thus this area was enriched with both fish and grain. In order to express their thanks, the local people called the fairy “Queen of Grain”, or “Grandmother of Grain”, which are similar to the pronunciation of Apo in local dialect. If you look at the north-east side of the rock, you can see “He Hou Yan”, the three Chinese characters chiseled on the rock. The inscriptions in memory of her were left from Ming dynasty, believe it or not. Cliffs bellow the Apo Rock exhibit valuable Mo Ya Stone Inscriptions left by contemporary celebrities. They are of high calligraphic value. Shall we go and have a look? The water cave below the rock is over 300 meters long. It is the longest of the eight water cavities in Qi Xing Yan, or “Seven Star Rocks”. If you go into the cave in summer, you will feel cool and comfortable. If you enter it on a boat, the stalactites of different shapes will render you a feast for the eyes. You can find no other better choice of the same kind in this scenic area.[湿地公园] 东湖传说是仙女湖。 星湖湿地公园是标准湿地游览区，核心面积约 2 平方公 里，水深平均达 2 米。湿地指天然或人工的、长久或暂时的沼泽地、泥炭地或水 域地带，静止或流动的淡水、咸水、咸淡水的水体，还包括低潮时水深不超过 6 米的海域。湿地被誉为“生命的摇篮”、“地球之肾”，是鸟类、爬行类、哺乳 类动物的乐园，物种的基因库，与森林、海洋并称为全球三大生态系统。1971 年三十六个国家在伊朗签订了《湿地公约》，1994 年我国开始全面履行此公约， 2004 年 12 月 12 日，我国首个湿地公园“肇庆星湖湿地公园”正式被确认。 招鸟岛、月亮岛等 20 多个小岛浮现东湖湖面上，招鸟岛上有南中国第一大 的“丹顶鹤园”。丹顶鹤被誉为“湿地之神”，目前全世界大约有 2000 只，中 国约有 1000 多只，这个园内有 50 只，在中国排第四位。园中还有其它各种珍稀 禽鸟。[Wetland Park] The water before us is a part of the East Lake, called Fairy Lake. This lake is a must when you visit the Wetland Park. The wetland area for sightseeing accounts for two square kilometers, about 2 meters deep on average. I shall give you a brief introduction to the concept of wetland? A wetland is an area of swampland or turf land. It is a water area that is naturally or artificially covered, for a short or long period time, with freshwater, or salt water, or a mixture of
a wetland is also a small part of the sea area. Its depth of water does not exceed six meters at low tide. As you know, wetland is considered “the Cradle of Life” and “the Kidney of the Earth”. Being one of the three ecosystems in the world (the other two are forest and ocean), wetland is a paradise for birds, reptilesand mammalians, and it is also the gene bank of species. In 1971, USA and other 36 countries signed the Ramsar Convention in Iran. China started to carry out items of the Convention in an all-round way after 1994. On Dec.12th 2004, Xing Hu Wetland Park, the first wetland park in China, was officially verified in the Convention. Attention to both sides of the lake. On the lake are more than 20 islands. The Birds Island and the Moon Island are two of them. This island before us is the biggest eco-park for red-crowned cranes South China. As you know, red-crowned cranes are considered “the Guardian Angles in Wetland”; there are more than 2000 red-crowned cranes in the world, of which China accounts for more than 1000. This park, with 50 red-crowned cranes, ranks the 4th of this kind in China. This park is also a pleasant habitat for other rare birds.(《导游实训教程》Timwu 等编）
5.Kaiyuan TempleKaiyuan Temple Kaiyuan Temple is located on Kaiyuan Road, Chaozhou city. It is recorded that Kaiyuan Temple was formerly called Lifeng Temple, constructed during Sui and Tang dynasties. In the 26 th year of Kaiyuan, Tang Dynasty, to celebrate his birthday, emperor Xuanzong ordered that each of the 81 states and counties in the country should choose a big temple to be named after his reign title, Kaiyuan, so Lifeng Temple in Chaozhou was renamed Kaiyuan Temple. Kaiyuan Temple is a quadrangle in palace style, currently covering an area of 17,000 square meters. As one of the four most famous temples in Guangdong Province and the largest of its kind in east Guangdong region, Kaiyuan Temple was listed as the key cultural relic protection units by the State Council in July, 2001. The main construction of Kaiyuan Temple is laid out along the axis line. There are from south to north the Jingang Hall (Naroyan), Hall of Heavenly King, Daxiong Bao Dian (Mahavira Hall) and Scripture House. To the east and west of the axis line lie the Pavilion of Guardian Deity of Children and Kwan-yin Pavilion respectively. Jingang Hall Jingang Hall was built in Ming Dynasty. There are two Jingangs in the hall and they are its guardian spirits. They are called as “Heng” and “Ha” generals by the folk. One of them is Miji Jingang. According to legend, Sakyamuni used to have an armed escort of 500 Jingangs when he went out to preach, and Miji Jingang served as the captain of the guard. Opposite of Miji Jingang is Naroyan, he is said to be the most powerful spirit in ancient India. The Jingang statues in Kaiyuan Temple are all sitting up with mouths shut and Jingang rings in hands. Hall of Heavenly King Built in Song Dynasty, the Hall of Heavenly King is the only existing Xieshan-styled-roof structure left over from the Song Dynasty and so is highly valued in architecture. This hall has three characteristics: Firstly, there are 32 pillars, all wood-stone combined, with wood of the upper part and stone of the lower end. The pillars in the front are somewhat different from those in the back. Secondly, there is no pillar at all in both the east and west gables, only brick walls to support the housetop. This is different from the traditional way of using pillars to bear the weight. Thirdly, there is a cascade of arches on the upper pillars to join the roof. Looked from below, the arches seem blooming lotus flowers, hence they’ve got the name of “Lotus Torus” among the folk. Inside the Hall of Heavenly King, there’s a tablet plaque in the upper middle with characters:”Kaiyuan Country Pacifying Buddhist Temple”. And the two characters “Country Pacifying” cannot be freely used if without the permission by the court. Maitreya Buddha is in the middle of the Hall. He is said by Buddhist sutra to be the aftertime Buddha, the successor of nowtime Buddha Sakyamuni. The statue here is his incarnation characterized by his big belly. That is the “Big Belly Maitreya”,. On the east and west sides are the four Heavenly Kings. The sculptures here differs from those in other temples: they are all sit square, without one leg lift up as they generally do in other temples, because this is a “Country Pacifying Buddhist Temple”. Behind Maitreya Buddha is Weituo Bodhisattva facing Daxiong Bao Dian (Mahavira Hall). It is said that each of the four Heavenly King Weituo is the most important one for his protection of Buddhism among the thirty-two and receives the decrees from the Buddha directly. The Courtyard To the north of the Hall of Heavenly King is a courtyard, that is, the open area in front of Daxiong Bao Dian (Mahavira Hall). On the south of the courtyard are two bo-dhi trees. Bo-dhi tree is also called tree of wisdom, since bo-dhi means wisdom in Sanskrit. Legend has it that it was just under the bo-dhi tree that Sakyamuni attained his great awakening after practicing meditation for 7 days and nights, andbecame Buddha. On the west and east sides are 4 quadrate stone pagodas in Asoka style. On the north side of the courtyard are 2 stone sutra pillars. They have been proved to be the original in Tang Dynasty when the temple was founded and also the oldest stone sculptures in Chaozhou. Sakyamuni Hall To the north of the courtyard lies the kernel structure―Daxiong Bao Dian (Sakyamuni Hall). It was rebuilt in Guangxu reign period, Qing dynasty. In the middle of the Daxiong Bao Dian is the statue of Sakyamuni, founder of Buddhism. We Chinese also call him Rulai Buddha. On the east side of Sakyamuni is apothecary Buddha. It is said that people can eliminate their personal misfortune and illness if they piously recite his Buddhist name over and over again. On the west side is Amitabha, the hierarch of the Pure Land in the west. Most Buddhists in China hope to have their afterlife in the Pure Land. On the west and east sides of the Daxiong Bao Dian are the 18 arhats. According to sutra, they will never have their afterlife and remain in the earthly world to preach for the Buddha. Scripture House To the north of Daxiong Bao Dian is the Scripture House, keeping a lot of costful cultural relics of the temple collected for more than 1000 years. Among them the most precious is Dazangjing (Tripitaka) specially given to Kaiyuan Temple by Qianlong emperor. It is an edition of the 13 th year of Yongzheng reign period, Qing Dynasty. There are total 7246 volumes for each of the 10 sets of Dazangjing (Tripitaka) printed in four languages: Chinese, Manchu, Tibetan and Mongolian and granted to 10 big temples nationwide. The importance of Kaiyuan Temple in China’s Buddhist temples is obvious for the fact that it is one of the temples to have the storage of Dazhangjing (Tripitaka). Pavilion of the God of Earth Here enshrined in this hall are the God of Earth and the ten Yamas who are said to be the rulers of the Hell. The one sitting in the middle is the God of Earth. Legend has it that, in order to rescue his mother from the Hell, he made a vow that he would not become a Buddha until all people are saved from the Hell. On both sides are the 10 Yamas. Kwan-yin Pavilion Here is the statue of Kwan-yin, the Goddess of Mercy. In this miserable earthly world, Kwan-yin is widely respected and has a large number of believers. From the statue here we can see Kwan-yin is a woman, kind and sedate, just like the image in other places of China. On both sides of the pavilion are 18 different statue of Kwan-yin. That in a Kwan-yin Pavilion her 18 different statues are on shrine is, perhaps, nowhere but Kaiyuan. This is another why Kaiyuan Temple is different from others.
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