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CALIFORNIA
The California Gold Rush
In the cold morning hours of January 24, 1848,
, a construction foreman at Sutter’s Mill, was inspecting
the water flow through the mill’s tail race. The sawmill, on the
banks of the American River in
was owned by , who desperately needed lumber for the
building of a large flour mill. On that particular morning, Marshall
not only found the water to be flowing adequately through the mill, but
also spied a shiny object twinkling in the frigid stream. Stooping
to pick it up, he looked with awe at a pea-sized gold nugget lying within
He immediately went to visit Elizabeth Jane
&Jennie& Wimmer, the camp cook and laundress, who had grown up
in a prospecting family.
Ms. Wimmer used a lye
soap solution overnight to verify that the 1/3 ounce nugget Marshall
had found was true gold. Dubbing it the Wimmer Nugget, which was later
appraised at $5.12, Marshall gave it to her on a necklace. It would
later be displayed at the Columbian Exposition of 1893.
James Marshall at Sutter's Sawmill, Coloma,
California,
This image available for
photo prints & commercial downloads
Marshall then
informed his boss, John Sutter, of his find. Sutter, a
German/Swiss immigrant who owned thousands of acres around the
and American Rivers, had dreams of developing part of
his land into a utopian farming settlement named &Nuevo Helvetia&
(Spanish for &New Switzerland&). His main compound was known as
and had already become a destination for immigrants,
including the
. More concerned with expanding his agricultural
empire, Sutter wished to suppress the information about the gold. But such a secret was too big to keep hidden, and before long, a
newspaper confirmed reports of several gold finds in the
area and miners began to flock to the area turning it from a sleeping
outpost to a bustling center of activity.
Even with the crudest
of mining tools, the earliest miners did well. All one had to do was
to dig down into a placer, and wash the pay dirt. The entire gold
country was open to all. No taxes were levied on what the miners
found. No towns or roads existed in the gold country. Every miner was
on his own, and nobody had to work for wages unless he wanted to.
On August 19, 1848
the New York Herald was the first newspaper on the East Coast of the
United States to confirm that there was a gold rush in C
by December 5, 1848, even President James Polk would announce this
before Congress, significantly legitimizing the news.
News of gold, free for the taking,
continued to spread. By the end of summer the first gold seekers were
arriving from outside California.
The first immigrants were probably from
where American farmers had been settling since the early 1840’s. Next
came men from the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii). In the autumn, new
arrivals were coming from northern Mexico, and during the winter large
numbers came from Peru and Chile in South America. Still, there was
plenty of gold for all, and fresh discoveries were made daily. The
immense extent of the gold deposits was becoming clear.
As he predicted when he saw the gold nugget,
John Sutter was ruined as more and more of his agricultural workers left
in search of gold, squatters invaded his land, shot his cattle and stole
his crops. Sutter described it this way: &Everyone left, from the
clerk to the cook, and I was in great distress.&
Though the great majority abandoned their
other activities to search for the precious metal, one enterprising Mormon
merchant named
had a better idea. He bought all the mining
supplies he could find, and filled his store at Sutter's Fort with
buckets, pans, heavy clothing, foodstuffs, and similar provisions. Then he
took a quinine bottle full of gold flakes to the nearest town, San
Francisco. There he walked up and down the streets, waving the bottle of
gold over his head and shouting &Gold, gold, gold in the American River!&
The next day, the town's newspaper described San Francisco as a &.&
quickly became
California's
first millionaire, selling supplies to the miners as they passed by
Sutter's Fort.
The gold discovery sparked almost mass hysteria as thousands of immigrants
from around the world soon invaded what would soon be called the Gold
Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants
became known as the '49ers. Some 80,000 prospectors poured into California
during that year alone, arriving overland on the California
Trail, by ship around Cape Horn, or through the Panama shortcut. The
majority of them came in one immense wave during mid summer, as covered
wagons reached the end of the California
trail. At the same time, sailing ships were docking in San Francisco, only
to be deserted by sailors as well as passengers.
Digging for gold from early dawn until dusk
was backbreaking work. The hope of &striking it rich& became an obsession
with many of the Forty-Niners. Stories of others who had found their
fortune in gold kept driving them on. A streak of bad luck could always be
followed by a rich strike.
By the 1850s miners were
coming from places all over the world --Britain, Europe, China, Australia,
North and South America. However, the gold was getting harder to find and
competition grew fierce between the miners. At the same time,
merchants raised the prices of mining tools, clothing, and food to
astronomical levels. A miner had to find an ounce of gold a day just to
break even. Most miners barely found enough gold to pay for daily
expenses. Nevertheless, it was among the most important eras of migration
in American history, and led to statehood for California.
As miners continued to
invent faster, more destructive methods of finding gold, the land was
ravaged. Hillsides were washed away in torrents of water, and towns
downstream were inundated by immense floods of mud. Water supplies were
poisoned with mercury, arsenic, cyanide, and other toxins. Grand forests
of oak and pine were leveled for mining timbers.
The gold discovery wrought immense changes upon the land and its people.
California,
with its diverse population, achieved statehood in 1850, decades earlier
than it would have been without the gold.
The peak production of
placer gold occurred in 1853. Every year after that, less gold was found,
but more and more men were in California
to share in the dwindling supply. Thousands of disillusioned gold seekers
returned home with little to show for their time, glad to escape with
their health.
After the boom, many miners returned to San
Francisco, rich or more often broke and looking for wages. Like many
cities of the 19th century, the infrastructures of San Francisco and other
boom towns near the fields were strained
cigar boxes and planks served as a sidewalk, and crime became a problem,
causing vigilantes to rise up and serve the populace in the absence of
Other miners, instead of returning home sent
for their families, turning to agriculture and other businesses as a way
of survival.
The California Gold
Rush is generally considered to have ended in 1858, when the New
Mexican Gold Rush began. These hearty pioneers found the land
unbelievably productive, and ultimately California's
great wealth came not from its mines but from its farms.
/, updated March, 2017
Goldrush Slideshow:
This image available for
photographic prints &and downloads
Old Prospector.
This image available for
photographic prints &and downloads
style, we carry a wide collection of
about the people, places, and events of the
era. See cowboys, trails, lawmen, outlaws, cookbooks,
, and lots More! &AND, if you love
, you might also want to take a look at our huge
collection of
. This is one of the largest
collections of vintage
on the whole web-wide world, if not the
largest, and it's still growing.
&&&&& && &&
&&& & & & &
(C) 2003-Present, (TM)California Gold Ribbon Schools Program - California School Recognition Program (CA Dept of Education)
California Gold Ribbon Schools Program
California Gold Ribbon Schools Program
A program for which honors some of California's outstanding public schools.
Schools that are selected demonstrate exemplary achievements in implementing state standards in priority areas.
The California Department of Education (CDE) seeks to recognize outstanding educational programs and practices. The California Gold Ribbon Schools Award was created to
honor public schools while the California Distinguished Schools Program is on hiatus as California continues its transition to new assessment and accountability systems.
Since the program's inception, CDE has recognized 193 middle schools, 180 high schools, and 780 elementary schools as Gold Ribbon School Award recipients. We will honor middle and high schools in 2017.
Traditionally, the Distinguished Schools Program honored public schools that showed improved student outcomes as measured through Standardized Testing and Reporting scores and additional measures. As programs and policies evolve, the CDE looks toward the same recognition of educational quality with the implementation of academic content and performance standards adopted by the State Board of Education for all pupils, including English learners.
California middle and high schools that have made tremendous gains in implementing State Board policies and their Local Control Accountability Plan are invited to apply for the 2017 Gold Ribbon Schools Award. Model programs and practices should include standards-based activities, projects, strategies, and practices that schools have adopted during this transitional period, which can be replicated by other local educational agencies.
As components of the
new accountability system have been approved by the State Board of Education and
the CAASPP test scores are available, schools must
certify that their percentage of students who Met or Exceeded standards on the
ELA and Math Smarter Balanced Assessment for the 2015-16 testing cycle is higher than the statewide average
for like schools. (i.e. a high school&s percentage of students exceeding or
meeting standards must be higher than the statewide average for high school
students meeting or exceeding standards).
2017 Middle and High Schools Program
(Updated 18-Nov-2016)
(XLS; Updated 31-Oct-2016)
(PDF; 2MB) On November 2, 2016, two Webinars were held to provide training
to the schools and county coordinators regarding the 2017 Gold Ribbon School
Awards applications and exemplary applications. These are the slides of the presentation.
IMPORTANT: If your school is on the list of eligible middle and high schools above, but you were a 2015 Gold Ribbon School recipient, you cannot apply for this award for 2017.
2017 Application
Applications for the 2017 Gold Ribbon School and any Exemplary Programs must be postmarked no later than Monday, December 5, 2016. (Updated 18-Nov-2016)
Gold Ribbon Schools Award
(Updated 18-Nov-2016) (Deadline to submit has been extended to Wednesday, November 30, 2016, at 11:59 p.m.)
This form is to be used by a middle or high school principal to indicate his/her intent to apply for the 2017 California Gold Ribbon Schools Award. Submission of this form is required to be considered for the Gold Ribbon School Award.
(Updated 28-Oct-2016)
Exemplary Programs
(DOC; Updated 7-Nov-2016)
(DOC; Updated 7-Nov-2016)
2017 Sponsors and Special Friends
Special thanks to our sponsors and partners who help to make our program a success!
Naming Sponsor
Headquartered
in San Mateo, California Casualty is proud to sponsor the CDE&s School
Recognition program because we are committed to education and have supported
California teachers and students at school, in the community and behind the
wheel for over 60 years.
It is an honor to recognize educators who make a
difference every day for our children. It takes real commitment to go far above
and beyond to help students reach their full potential. Follow the link above to learn more about California Casualty and our
sponsorship of the California Department of Education&s California School
Recognition Program.
Congratulations to our !
Past Recipients
Related Information
Questions: &
Awards Team |
| 916-319-0842
Last Reviewed: Tuesday, March 14, 2017
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Gold In CaliforniaA Retrospective of Recordings (1986)
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Kate Wolf专辑介绍：Kate Wolf died of leukemia in 1986, and listening to this exceptional, two-disc retrospective reminds us of just how much we lost. Her voice had a palatable ache, a lonesome grace, and she wrote so many thoughtful, finely shaped songs. Every song her makes clear how well she understood the deepest aspects of both country and folk idioms: "Like a River" flows like a classic bluegrass ballad, "The Sun is Burning" is an intense political meditation, and her finest song, "Unfinished Life" is a heartbreaking premonition of death. Fans of Townes Van Zandt, Lucinda Williams, and Iris Dement must hear these songs. With Kate Wolf, the well is more than deep: it never seems to end.
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